Energy Metabolism - Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism

Question

Which substrates are transported into mitochondria and how?

Answer 1

pyruvate: via TIM?
fatty acyl-CoA: forming multiple acetyl-CoA molecules
electron shuttle, via NAD+ -> NADH
exchange ADP for ATP via adenine nucleotride translocase (ANT)
exchange Pi for OH

Answer 2

tri-carboxylix cycle, citric acid cycle or Krebs cycle
it breaks down acetylCoA, derived from pyruvate, FAs and AmAcs breakdown, to generate CO2. In this process, it reduces NAD+ to NADH and FAD to FADH2.

Answer 3

electrons are transferred from NADH to complex I (H+)
electrons are transferred from FADH2 to complex II
electrons are transferred from complex I/II to co-enzyme Q
electrons are shuttled from co-enzyme Q to complex III (H+)
cytochrome c shuttles e- from III to complex IV (H+)
In complex IV, e- are transferred to O2 to form H2O: use of O2 is respiration
Reactions at I, III and IV are associated with H+ transfer from matrix to intermembrane space: electrochemical proton gradient

Answer 4

Mitochondrial transmembrane potential drives influx of H+, directed through Complex V (F1F0 ATP-synthase). Each H+ transfer phosphorylates one ADP into ATP, which is then excreted and exchanged for ADP by ANT.
The proton transfers by ETC (Complex I-IV) and complex V together is called oxidative phosphorylation, and generated 34 ATP. It is oxidative because O2 is used by complex IV (e- and O2 to form H2O).