Energy Metabolism - Autophagy
5 important questions on Energy Metabolism - Autophagy
What are the two functions of autophagy?
1: removal of damaged parts
2: emergency supply of energy/biomolecules
What are the 3 pathways of autophagy?
1: microautophagy: direct invagination of lysosome membrane
2: macroautophagy: formation of double membrane (autophagosome) around organelle/protein, fuse with lysosome
3: chaperone-mediated autophage (CMA): substrate binds to chaperone, which is recognized my lysosomal receptors, which shuttle the substrate into the lysosome (no vesicle formation, selective)
Similar: endocytosis: invagination of cell membrane, transportation to lysosome
What is the difference between selective and non-selective macroautophagy?
non-selective: degrades cytosolic organelles and proteins
selective: degrades mitochondria
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What is the 1st complex of phagosome initiation, and how is it regulated?
complex consists of (clockwise): Ulk1/2, Atg13, Atg101, FIP200
it is inhibited when mTOR is bound to it (high nutrient level)
What is the 2nd complex of phagosome initiation, and how is it regulated?
essential for Vsp34 (a PI3P) activitity, which regulates recruitment of proteins to membrane
Beclin-1 associating to Bcl-2 inhibits Vsp34 activity, inhibits macroautophagy
In a mature phagosome, LC3 and GATE-16 are bound to it
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