Tracers

12 important questions on Tracers

When do you use the EWI and when the EDI method.

THE EWI method is used in streams with similar depth or velocity distribution. The EDI method is used in streams with larger variability.

What are three positive considerations for using In-Situ sampling?

1. Increasing availability of sensors and analyzers for continuous
monitoring
2. Deploy at representative, stabile location
3. Large amount of data generation

What are three positive considerations for using the discrete sampling method?


1. Higher level of detail
2. Detection of high-resolution (e.g. diurnal) patterns
3. Calibration & validation of sensor data necessary
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What does precision say something about and how can it be determined?

It says something about noise or statistical errors. Run duplicates to determine precision.

What does accuracy say something about and how can it be determined?


It says something about systematic errors. Run reference samples or interlab comparison to determine accuracy.

When are graphical methods used?


For interpretation of small number of samples.

What are four boundary conditions for tracers when doing EMMA?

1. Must be conservative
2. Should be different enough
3. Rule out other sources
4. Source tracer values of all samples are known.

What are four boundary conditions for tracers when doing EMMA?

1. Must be conservative
2. Should be different enough
3. Rule out other sources
4. Source tracer values of all samples are known.

Why do you use a mixing diagram?

To determine source of samples.

What are three examples of preparation when taking samples?

1. Clean bottles
2. Test equipment
3. Pre-label

What is a common way of particulate sampling?

Depth/width or discharge-weighed sampling.

What are four assumptions when doing EMMA?

1. Source tracers are conservative.
2. Source tracer 'endmember' values are different enough to distinguish between sources.
3. Source tracer values of all samples are known.
4. There are no additional sources.

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