Contaminents

18 important questions on Contaminents

What do you need to know about chlorophyll? (2 points)

1. Its a tracer for water plants
2. Remote sensing because of it's green colour.

What do you need to know about Humic acids? (3 points)


1. Derived from decomposition of plant organic matter
2. Major component of DOM
3. Makes waters brown or black

What is environmental toxicology?

Analysis of effects of toxic compounds.
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What are five point sources for water pollution?


1. Domestic wastewater discharges
2. Combined sewer overflows
3. Storm water discharges
4. Industrial discharges
5. Spills

What are four not-point sources for water pollution?


1. Agricultural runoff

2. Livestock
3. Landfills
4. Recreational activities

Chemical water quality is determined by? (name eight things)


1. Dissolved oxygen
2. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
3. Suspended solids
4. Nutrients –nitrogen, phosphorus
5. pH
6. Metals
7. Radionuclides
8. Synthetic organic chemicals

What is an endocrine disruptor?

Interferes with normal hormone activity.

What are five important properties of sampling?


1. Volatility
2. Sensitivity to light
3. Thermal instability
4. Biodegradability
5. Chemical reactivity

What are the four procedure steps for Solid Phase Extraction?


1. Conditioning of the sorbent
2. Sample application
3. Washing the sorbent (removal of interference's)
4. Recovery of the analyte

Why is there a pressure on water quality? (3 things)

1. Pollution
2. Scarcity
3. Floods

What does a good status means in the FWD?

Both good ecological status and chemical status

What does the endocrine system controls? (4 things)

1. Development and growth
2. Energy regulation
3. Internal homeostasis
4. Reproduction

What are the six building block steps of a chemical analysis?

1. Sampling
2. Sample pretreatment
3. Extraction/cleanup/fractionation
4. Seperation
5. Detection
6. Data analysis

What are four things you need to know about composite samples?

1. Areal
2. Vertical
3. Flow proportional
4. Time proportional

Why can passive sampling be a useful tool in monitoring programs across Europe?

Because the technology is reliable, robust and cost-effective.

When is Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) used?

For water analysis.

What are the advantages of SPE? (nine things)

1. Complete extraction of the sample
2. Efficient separation of interferes
3. Reduced organic solvent consumption
4. Easy collection of the total analyte fraction
5. Convenient manuel procedures
6. Removal of particulates
7. Easily automated
8. Large variety of applications
9. Wide choice of sorbent material

What two things do you need to know about chromatography?

1. Analyte distribution between the mobile and stationary phase/
2. Components are separated by differential interactions with the stationary phase.

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