Banking Industry: Structure and Competition - Financial innovation and growth of shadow banking system

8 important questions on Banking Industry: Structure and Competition - Financial innovation and growth of shadow banking system

What happened to the traditional banking business that create loans that are funded by deposits and what is the new type of banking?

It decreased, the new shadow banking system increased.

What is financial innovation?

The process where financial institutions develop new products to satisfy their own needs (as well as those of their customers): driven by the desire to get (or stay) rich.

What does a change in the financial environment stimulate?

A search by financial institutions for innovations that are likely to be profitable
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What happened in the 60s?

• Inflation and interest rates increased sharply (need for new products)
• Changes in supply conditions ( advances in computer technology)
• Financial regulation decreased

What was the consequence of what happened in the 60s?

'old’ products were not selling, innovation was needed for banks to survive--> Financial engineering

What are the 3 types of financial innovation?

1. Responses to changes in demand conditions: interest rate volatility
2. Responses to changes in supply conditions
3. Avoidance of existing regulations
Interaction between these 3 motivations were often the source of new products.

What did information technology improve? And what did it cause?

- It lowered the cost of processing
- Investors had better access to information
- It caused the creation of new products and services

Examples of new technologies and services:

  1. Junk bonds: investors willing to buy long-term debt from less-well known firms with lower ratings
  2. Commercial paper market: short term debt security issued by large banks and corporates easier screening for investors: easier for corporations to issue debt securities
  3. Securitization: Process of transforming otherwise illiquid financial assets (residential mortgages, car loans, credit card receivables) into marketable capital market securities

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