Question 5; Is the conscious mind part of the brain?

22 important questions on Question 5; Is the conscious mind part of the brain?

What is the Star Trek Assumption?

The minimal assumption that the materialists, who are realists about the mind, have to accept: the idea that the physical determines the mental, just like the physical determines shape.

What do identity theorists argue?

That mental states are identical to certain physical states: supervenience is interpreted as identity.

What is a qualitative identity?

The kind of identity between two things that are unalike, but at the same time similar in certain respects.
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What is the Leibniz Law?

If ''two'' things really cannot be discerned from one another, then they must be one and the same thing.

Why is Leibniz law important?

Because it provides us with a strategy used by opponents of the identity theory.

When is a statement necessarily true?

When denying it will result in a contradiction.

When is a statement contingently true?

When one could deny it without the denial resulting in a contradiction.

What is a rigid designator?

When a term continued to be used to refer to the same stuff.

What do the identity theorists mean with ''certain'' being adde to the mind brain identity claim?

Every mental state is identical with a brain state, but not every brain state is identical with a mental state.

When can a property be ontologically reduced to the previous level?

If a property only seems to be a property of a higher level, while in reality it is not.

What happens when mental states can be ontologically reduced into certijn brain states?

It follows that psychology can be theoretically reduced to neurology.

What is people's false intuition when a mental state with brain state is reduced to a lower level.

That the mental state does not exist.

What is the token identity theory?

It says that every particular mental state is identical to some particular brain state of a certain category.

Why is the question whether mental states can be reduced to certain brain states an empirical question?

Because the claim that mental states are identical with brain states, the claim is necesaarily true. Clerley it is not a conceptual truth that a mental state is a brain state, for the denial does not entail a contradiction. Therefore it has to be an empirical discovery.

What are a-delta fibers?

Faster-conduction neurons.

What is the first implication of this pain process?

That neither the neurons that send the signal from the damage in the foot to the spinal cord, nor the ones involved with the unconscious reflex are involved with the neural correlate of pain.

What is the second implication of this pain process?

The pain cannot cause you to lift your foot if you step into a nail or retract your hand from the burning flame of a candle.

What are the neural correlates of pain?

Activity in the somatosensory, the cingulate and the insular cortex.

What is the principle of parsimony/Ockham's razor?

Entities must nog be multiplied without necessity. When confronted with two different, but equally good explanations for a phenomenon or event, we should choose the ontologically more parsimonious one.

What did Smart say about Ockham's principle?

If it bee agreed that there are no cogent philosophical arguments which force us into accepting dualism, and if the brain process theory and dualism are equally consistent with the facts, then the principles of parsimony and simplicity seem to me to decide overwhelmingly in favor of the brain-process theory.

What are differentiation properties?

Properties that mental states have but brain states do not, or vice versa. They show that Leibniz' law is violated.

In which case do we not accept differentiating properties in the mind-body case?

When we do not accept epistemic properties to be differentiating properties.

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