Instrumental Music: Sonata, Symphony, and Concerto at Midcentury

16 important questions on Instrumental Music: Sonata, Symphony, and Concerto at Midcentury

Around when did the piano replace the harpsichord as the favorite keyboard instrument?

Mid-18th century

What were the 5 important musical developments in the mid 18th century?

  1. The piano replaced the harpsichord and clavichord.
  2. The string quartet was developed for social music-making.
  3. The sonata became the leading genre for solo and chamber music.
  4. The concerto and symphony dominated orchestral music.
  5. Sonata form emerged as an important new structure.

What instruments does the newly created string quartet consist of?

Two violins
Viola
Cello
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What year was the clarinet invented?

1710

Approximately when did clarinets begin appearing in orchestras?

Late 18th century -- 1790s

What important genre rose to prominence during the late 18th century?

sonata in three and four movements (and therefore, sonata form)

What are three major parts of sonata form by the 1830s?

1. exposition
2. development
3. recap

What is the configuration of Minuet and trio form?

ABA

What is the configuration of Rondo form?

ABACA or ABACADA

What are the three major forms in the late 18th century?

sonata, rondo, and minuet and trio

Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach

1714-1788

Son of J. S. Bach. Studied with his father and became one of the most influential composers of his time. Most numerous and important are his keyboard works

Wrote a valuable treatise on performance practice: Essay on the True Art of Playing Keyboard Instruments

Where did the symphony originate?

Italy - it came from the word sinfonia which was the Italian opera overture

Who was the first prominent composer of symphonies?

Giovanni Battista Sammartini

Who was the leader of Mannheim orchestra and a prominent composer in his own right?

Johann Stamitz

What is Johann Christian Bach most well-known for? And what was his nickname?

Being one of the first to compose piano concertos

He was also a huge influence on the young Mozart  

The "London Bach" since he lived in London

Johann Christian Bach

1735-1782

Youngest son of J. S. Bach. Moved to London in 1762, mostly composed in the galant style

Major influence on young Mozart

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