The Early Eighteenth Century in Italy and France

10 important questions on The Early Eighteenth Century in Italy and France

When did Naples become an independent kingdom?

1734

How many conservatories did Naples have? And what was their original purpose?

4 - they were originally orphanages that specialized in teaching music, but later took on paying students


Who played the leading male roles in opera?

Castrati
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Naples was a strong center for opera, the dominant type of music for Italy. Who was the leading opera composer of the time?

Alessandro Scarlatti

Il prete rosso

Vivaldi was known as "il prete rosso" (the red priest) because he had red hair and also trained for the priesthood in addition to music.

Which 18th century composer wrote about 500 concertos?

Vivaldi

Vivaldi's 3-movement concerto structure established a standard for future concerto composers. What was the pattern?

  1. The first movement is fast.
  2. The middle movement is slow and in the same or closely related key.
  3. The final movement, also fast and in the original key, is often shorter and livelier than the first movement.

Vivaldi's treatment of a slow movement in a concerto

Vivaldi was the first composer to treat the slow movements equally to the fast movements.

The melodies were often long, expressive, and lyrical like opera arias

L'art de toucher le clavecin

"The Art of Playing the Harpsichord"

1716 published by Francois Couperin

Contains useful information about French Baroque performance practice

Which opera is considered Rameau's masterpiece and what year was it written?

Castor et Pollux, 1737

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