Adaptive management

3 important questions on Adaptive management

What can be achieved (in theory) through the AM approach?

Integration, that both IWRM and EBAs aim for.

How is AM different from conventional (command-and-control) management?

  • Because it recognizes people and ecosystems as inherently complex, unpredictable and difficult to control.
  • It encourages ongoing learning (rather than reduction) as the key to coping with complexity and uncertainty.

Which are the most significant obstacles to implement AM? And are these obstacles more cultural or technical?

  • Ingrained (diepgewortelde) institutional norms of action rather than reflection.
  • Box-ticking rather than learning.
  • Encouragement of competition rather than cooperation.


These obstacles are more cultural.

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