The non-modal auxiliaries, be , have , do
12 important questions on The non-modal auxiliaries, be , have , do
What are the primary uses of the verb DO in English?
- Subject-auxiliary inversion: e.g., "Did she do her best?"
- Negation: e.g., "I didn't do him an injustice."
- Lexical verb: e.g., "She did her best."
How is the verb BE utilized in English?
- Progressive Marker: e.g., "They are watching TV."
- Passive Marker: e.g., "It was taken by Jill."
- Copula: e.g., "She was a friend of his."
What role does BE play in progressive aspect constructions?
- Ongoing actions: e.g., "I've been working all morning."
- Indicates the situation is in progress at the specified time.
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I always thought I studied well. My grades were fine. I could never have imagined that applying these study skills would have such a huge and direct impact on my grades, my speed and the pleasure I have in learning.
For the first time, I finally feel totally confident about the way I learn. I have the perfect overview and make great progress in terms of speed and the grades I get. Thanks, Chris!
I immediately started to enjoy learning again, and my grades soared. All of a sudden, everything went better. I highly recommend Study Smart to all students..
Being able to create my materials online made the process of studying so much smoother and quicker. I no longer have to spend a huge amount of my time on creating my summaries.
At first, my notes were a mess. Now I use Study Smart to take my notes in a perfectly structured way. It helps me to save a lot of time and do other things I enjoy.
Students that study with Study Smart get better grades. The system applies all the learning methods in such a way that both well-performing students and students who struggle perform much better.
Hi Chris, I would like to thank you very much. Last year I scored C on a course, and this year I got an A+ thanks to your method! Thank you very much!
The largest effect is that my child is more enthusiastic about school! Every parent wants their children to be happy at school, Study Smart made it happen.
In high school, I failed several exams, and that has really changed now. I actually needed this tool very much back then. Since I started studying with StudySmart, I haven't had any D's. My average score is now an A and those are results I would have never had in the past
With my old method, I passed only 3 out of 8 courses. Since I started taking my notes digitally in Study Smart, I have passed all my courses on the first try. For me, StudySmart takes away the stress of wondering if I will pass or not.
Thanks to StudySmart, I passed all my exams, and with better grades than before! On top of that, I have mastered a very good study method now, which I am confident will help me earn my degree.
For my 1st exam I got a C. Then, I started looking for ways to learn better and I came across Study Smart. Since then I have scored a A+, A, A- and another A. I highly recommend it to everyone who wants to hear it. I am so happy with it!!
I was struggling to finish all my first-year subjects for 3 years. Then I discovered Study Smart, which helped me to finish all of them within 3 months.
Because of StudySmart, things are going well in many ways. Before, I always had study stress and no time for anything. Now I feel calm and confident (because of the program). I used to score a B, now I usually score an A or A+.
Hey Chris, I really want to thank you very much for developing the platform, I usually got around C for my exams, now I scored an A+, an A and a A- !!
Since using Study Smart, my average has increased significantly. I even completed a statistics course with a A+ while I'm bad at statistics. I took on extra courses this year, because of Study Smart. Thanks so much!
Ever since I started studying with StudySmart I passed all my exams !!! No more re-sits!! At first, I was happy with a pass and now I only get good grades. Many thanks!
I aced all the courses I studied with Study Smart. For law, I first scored a D, and now an A! I’m 100% sure that I’ll pass all the courses I study with Study Smart.
I always thought I studied well. My grades were fine. I could never have imagined that applying these study skills would have such a huge and direct impact on my grades, my speed and the pleasure I have in learning.
For the first time, I finally feel totally confident about the way I learn. I have the perfect overview and make great progress in terms of speed and the grades I get. Thanks, Chris!
How does BE function in passive constructions?
- The subject receives the action, e.g., "It was taken by Jill."
- Lacks an active counterpart, e.g., "He may be arrested."
What is the copular function of BE in a sentence?
- A linking verb: e.g., "She was a friend of his."
- Functions in interrogative and negative forms, e.g., "Was she a friend of his?"
What are the two classes that the verb HAVE belongs to, and how is it used in different contexts?
- As a lexical verb: example - "She had a swim"
- As an auxiliary verb: example - "He has broken his leg."
How does the perfect tense function in relation to the verb HAVE?
- Auxiliary HAVE + past participle
- Indicates a secondary past tense
- Example: "He has broken his leg"
What distinguishes the preterite form and the perfect form of HAVE?
- Preterite: used in finite constructions like "He took it yesterday"
- Perfect: used with auxiliary HAVE and not after MAY
What does the perfect tense imply about the relevance of events in time?
- Past events still relevant to the present
- Example: "He has broken his leg" shows ongoing relevance
- Time frame: "past in present"
How do static and dynamic uses of HAVE differ?
- Static HAVE: denotes a state (e.g., "She has enough credit")
- Dynamic HAVE: denotes an event (e.g., "She had a swim")
What are the differing views on the auxiliary versus lexical use of static HAVE?
- Recognized as an auxiliary by some: "She hasn't enough credit."
- Treated as a lexical verb by others: "She doesn't have enough credit."
What linguistic phenomenon is observed in the construction of sentences using the verb HAVE?
- In auxiliary form, HAVE has a tense marking
- It doesn't allow non-finite clauses as Complements (like "Have we to invite them all?")
- Lexical treatment is gaining popularity
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