Summary: Aantekeningen Play And Game

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• 1 Hoorcollege 1: Introduction

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• What is a game?

  Art, expression of culture, simulation, community tool to connect with people

• Four types of games (Caillois)

  1. Agon (competition): how good are you determines whether you reach the goals
  2. Alea (chance): luck and randomness determine (partly) whether you reach the goals
  3. Mimicry (imitation): you can take on the role of something/someone lese
  4. Llinx (vertigo): emphasis on movement/speed, the goal being to get an enjoyable feeling

• Perspectives about studying games

  - game perspective: structure and technology of the game, and how these determine the player experience
  - player perspective: how games are used in the real world, and what the effects are on players
  - culture perspective: how culture affects games and vice versa, subcultures related to games

• Two groups of researchers

  Formalists:
  - focus on the games themselves or related philosophical questions (film studies)
  - categorization
  - reasoning
  -> narratology (games as a way to tell stories)  vs ludology (games as a collection of rules = gameplay)
  
  Situationalists: focus on the players and culture
  - context 
  - variation
  - real experiences

• 2 Hoorcollege 2 - Game elements + MDA framework

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• Examples of challenges / conflicts

  - obstacles: phyisical, that stands in your way or mental, something you need to overcome
  - enemies: either other players or AI controlled by the game
  - dillemmas: strategic choices we need to make

• Context: Space or enviroment

  
  this can have different amounts of dimensions (this can also be 0 for example with a quiz). A discrete space has a fixed amount of locations (chess etc), a continuous space has an infinite amount of that space (soccer field, you can be in that entire field).

• 3 Hoorcollege 3 - Memory, perception + attention

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• Building blocks to our experience

  - perception
  - memory
  - attention
  - motivation
  - emotion
  - learning

• Low level perception

  From sensation -> perception -> cognition
  when you see perceiving these things, you start seeing organizations. In the cognition level you have knowledge about the things you perceive

• High level perception

  Cognition -> perception -> sensation
  you know what you are looking for and then start to look for particular elements. You try to see patterns and zoom in more detailed

• Short term memory (working memory)

  Timespan of less than a minute, memory then dissapears or moves to long-term memory. Players need to remember functions, therefore don't overload them with information.
  you can memorise 7 +/- 2 items without distraction with the first and last having priority (primacy/recency). But this received critisicm: working memory
  - approximately 4 things to memorise is more likely
  - you can combine language and visual space
  - we are not good at multitasking
  - the deeper you process something the better we memorise