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Ab psych

42 important questions on Ab psych

IN learning model relief from anxiety act as a

negative reinforcement

In bulimia the binge purge cycle usually begins..

after dieting to lose weight

For anorexia, food rejecting behavior is negatively reinforced by..

relief from anxiety about weight gain

Common factors of eating disorders are

1. dieting,
2. bullying
3. family influences
4. biological factors

Cognitive factors - Demands for perfectionism and over concern about

making mistakes figure prominently in many cases of eating disorders

Treatment of eating disorders...

-hospitalized (especially when weight loss is severe or body weight is falling rapidly)
-in hospital they are usually placed on a closely monitored feeding regimen
-behavioral therapy
-ward privileges and social opportunities

Binge eating disorder

a disorder characterized by recurrent eating binges without purging; classified as a potential disorder requiring further study.
-"compulsive over eaters"

Sleep wake disorder

persistent or recurrent sleep related problems that cause distress or impaired functioning.

Chronic insomnia lasting three months or longer is often a sign of an underlying..

physical problem or a psychological disorder, such as depression, substance abuse, or physical illness.

The diagnosis of narcolepsy is made when sleep attacks occur daily for a..

period of 3 months or longer and are in conjunction with one or both of the following:
a. cataplexy (sudden loss of muscular control)
b. intrusions of REM sleep in the transitional state between wakefulness and sleep

Breathing related sleep disorder

a sleep disorder in which sleep is repeatedly disrupted by difficulty with breathing normally

Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea:

involves repeated episodes during during sleep of snorting or gasping for breath, pauses of breath, or abnormally shallow breathing.

Circadian rhythm sleep disorder

a sleep disorder characterized by a mismatch between the body's normal sleep- wake cycle and the demands of the environment

Treatment for sleep disorders

-most common is sleep medications
-because of problems with drugs cognitive behavioral therapy have been developed (changing stimulus control, changing dysfunctional thoughts, modifying maladaptive sleeping habits)
- psychological approaches: stimulus control
-rational restructuring: substituting rational alternatives for self- defeating thoughts
-

Cluster A disorders:

schizoid, schizotypal, paranoid

Cluster B disorders:

antisocial, borderline personality disorder, histrionic, narcissistic

Cluster C disorders:

avoidant dependent, OCPD

Paranoid personality disorder

pervasive suspiciousness- perceives other people's behavior as deliberately threatening or demeaning

Schizoid personality disorder

schizoid personalities rarely express emotions and are distant and aloof.
-yet emotions of people with schizoid personalities are not as shallow or blunted as they are in people with schizophrenia

Schizotypal personality disorder

-eccentricities of thought and behavior, but without clearly psychotic features.
- more disorganized
-like schizophrenia but doesn't have clear psychotic features (hallucinations and delusions)

Antisocial disorder may not be because of a disorder personality but because..

they were raised in environments or exposed to subcultures that both encouraged and rewarded criminal behavior

At the core of borderline personality disorder

is a pervasive pattern of instability in relationships, self - image, and mood, along with a lack of control over impulses.

People with borderline personality disorder tend to be uncertain about..

their personal identities - their values, goals, careers, and perhaps even their sexual orientations.

People with borderline personalities may engage in impulsive acts of..

self mutilation (cutting- as a means of temporarily blocking or escaping from deep emotional pain)
-sometimes it's an expression of anger or manipulation

Splitting of borderline personality disorder

shifting between positive and negative aspects of self and others

Histrionic personality disorder

a personality disorder characterized by excessive emotionality and an overwhelming need to be the center of attention
-plays victim
-self centered

(cluster B) narcissistic personality disorder

-a personality disorder characterized by inflated or grandiose sense of themselves and an extreme need for admiration
- self absorbed and lack empathy for others

(cluster C) avoidant personality disorder

a personality disorder characterized by avoidance of social relationships due to fears of rejection

Dependent personality disorder

excessive need to be taken care of by others

Obsessive compulsive personality disorder

a personality disorder characterized by excessive orderliness, perfectionism, rigidity, difficulty coping with ambiguity, difficulty expressing feelings, and meticulousness in work habits

Problems with the classification of personality disorders

-categories or dimensions?
- problems distinguishing personality disorders from other clinical syndromes
-overlap among disorders
-difficulty in distinguishing between normal and abnormal behavior
-confusing labels with explanations
-sexist biases

Hans Kohut theory is labeled..

self psychology because of its emphasis on processes in the development of a cohesive sense of self
-what matters most is how the self develops

Otto kernberg, a leading psychodynamic theorist, views..

borderline personality in terms of a failure in early childhood to develop a sense of constancy and unity in one's image of oneself and others

Margarhet mehler another influential modern psychodynamic theorist, explained borderline personality disorder in terms of..

childhood separation from the mother figure. .

Many theorists have argued that disturbances in family relationships..

underlie the development of personality disorders

Learning theorists suggest that childhood experiences shape..

the pattern of maladaptive habits of relating to others that constitute personalty disorders

Sociocultural (environmental factors may

contribute to the development of personality disorders
-environment of rough gangs may influence antisocial personality disorder

Treatment of personality disorders..

despite victims seeing their behaviors as fine, evidence supports the effectiveness of therapy
-treatment doesn't really work with antisocial behaviors

Cognitive behavioral approaches focus on..

changing clients maladaptive behaviors and dysfunctional thought patterns rather than their personality structures
-DBT training

Biological approaches with personality disorders...

-drugs aren't super affective but they soften symptoms. it takes the edge off but doesn't fix the problem

Impulse control disorders

failure to control impulses, temptations, or drives, resulting in harm to oneself or others

Intermittent explosive disorder

- uncontrollable aggression, explosion of emotion

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ab psych chapter 8

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