Stress response mechanisms - Root system
4 important questions on Stress response mechanisms - Root system
How do plants adapt their root system architecture to enhance water uptake, and what are the potential implications for plant breeding and agronomics?
- Longer roots to penetrate deeper into the soil for accessing water reserves.
- Wider root systems to cover a larger area for water absorption.
- Plants with extensive root systems generally exhibit increased drought tolerance.
- Plant breeding programs may consider enhancing root development as a strategy.
- It raises questions about the possible effects on the shoot and overall agronomic practices.
What challenge does osmotic pressure pose for plants in drought conditions, and how can osmotic adjustment help?
- In hypertonic solutions, such as dry soil, water is drawn out of the plant because the external environment has a higher solute concentration.
- Osmotic adjustment helps to optimize water uptake and minimize water loss by adjusting the internal solute concentrations to combat the external osmotic pressures.
How can osmotic balance in plant cells be restored and what role do compatible solutes play in osmotic adjustment?
- Compatible solutes are molecules that contribute to a cell's osmotic capacity without disrupting cellular function.
- Substances such as proline, sugars, glycine betaine, and potassium ions (K+) are types of compatible solutes.
- These solutes protect against cell dehydration by stabilizing cellular structures, particularly membranes.
- Compatible solutes also engage with protective proteins like dehydrins and Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) proteins to safeguard cellular integrity.
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What adaptations are necessary for a resurrection plant to survive desiccation and extreme conditions?
- Utilize Ara polymers for flexibility, enabling folding and unfolding with moisture changes.
- Increase glycerol concentration in vacuoles to mitigate desiccation effects.
- Defend against reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation by reducing photosynthesis and shielding chlorophyll from sunlight.
- Sustain high levels of ROS-scavenging enzymes, such as Ascorbate peroxidase (Asc), Catalase (CAT), and Superoxide dismutase (SOD).
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