Sexual disorders and gender diversity

8 important questions on Sexual disorders and gender diversity

Of which 5 phases does the human sexual response cycle consist?

  1. Desire
    1. urge to engage in any type of sexual activity
  2. arousal/excitement
    1. vasocongestion: blood vessels filling up
    2. myotonia: muscular tension
  3. plateau
    1. excitement remains at high but stable level
  4. orgasm
    1. discharge of neuromuscular tension build up
  5. resolution
    1. deep relaxation

What are the criteria for diagnosis of a sexual disorder?

  • Symptoms for at least 6 months
  • causing significant distress or impairment
  • not due to another nonsexual psychiatric problem
    • substance or medication, general medical condition or stressors
      • otherwise: substance/medication induced sexual dysfunction

Which additional stressors do gay, lesbian and bisexual people face?

Stressors related to their sexuality due to continuing stigma and discrimination against them which can affect sex and health
  • therapists must be sensitive to these stressors
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What are paraphilias, which categories are distinguished and what are some examples of these categories?

Atypical sexual preferences
  • consenting others versus nonconsenting others
    • sadomasochistic and voyeurism
  • contact with others versus not necessarily involving contact with others
    • pedophilia and fetishes

Of which 4 types do the sexual rituals in sadism and masochism disorders exist?

  1. Physical restriction
    1. bondage, chains or handcuffs
  2. administration of pain
    1. whipping, electrical shocks, burning, cutting, stabbing, strangulation, torture, mutilation or death
  3. hypermasculinity practices
    1. aggressive use of fists or dildos
  4. humiliation
    1. verbally or physically

What is hypoxyphilia and why is it dangerous?

Sexual arousal by means of oxygen deprivation, obtained by placing a rope around the neck, putting a plastic bag or mask over the head or exerting severe chest compression
  • accidents can involve serious injury or death

What is meant by gender dysphoria in children?

Rare condition in which a child persistently rejects his or her anatomic sex and strongly desires to be or insists he or she is a member of the other sex
  • masculine or feminine type activities
  • disgust to own genitals
  • onset in preschool years

What does the term transgender refer to?

The broad spectrum of individuals who transiently or persistently identify with a gender different from their natal sex
  • cisgender: gender identity aligns with natal sex
  • may or may not be diagnosed with gender dysphoria

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