What theory is not SUTTON AND STAW
7 important questions on What theory is not SUTTON AND STAW
Not all authors agree that strong theory is necessary, what are their reasons for this?
- Van Maanen: the field needs more descriptive narratives about organizational life
- Avoid aiming at the target for a long while and first develop more fundamental knowledge, it will be easy to directly hit the bull's-eye when finally taking aim
- Meta-analysis: a collection of papers as usefeul accumulations of empirical findings
Why are strong theory and precise measurement contradicting?
- Journals plead for creativity while aslo expecting structure between theory and data
- Wishes only statisfied with hypocritical writing
- Theory is crafted around data
Why are references not theory?
- References set the stage for new conceptual arguments
- Acknowledge the stream of logic
- Listing references to existing theories is not the same as explicating the causal logic they contain
- References are sometimes used like a smoke screen to hide the absence of theory.
- Enough of the pertinent logic from past theoretical work should be included so that the reader can grasp the author's logical argument
- Higher grades + faster learning
- Never study anything twice
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
For my 1st exam I got a C. Then, I started looking for ways to learn better and I came across Study Smart. Since then I have scored a A+, A, A- and another A. I highly recommend it to everyone who wants to hear it. I am so happy with it!!
I was struggling to finish all my first-year subjects for 3 years. Then I discovered Study Smart, which helped me to finish all of them within 3 months.
Because of StudySmart, things are going well in many ways. Before, I always had study stress and no time for anything. Now I feel calm and confident (because of the program). I used to score a B, now I usually score an A or A+.
Hey Chris, I really want to thank you very much for developing the platform, I usually got around C for my exams, now I scored an A+, an A and a A- !!
Since using Study Smart, my average has increased significantly. I even completed a statistics course with a A+ while I'm bad at statistics. I took on extra courses this year, because of Study Smart. Thanks so much!
Ever since I started studying with StudySmart I passed all my exams !!! No more re-sits!! At first, I was happy with a pass and now I only get good grades. Many thanks!
I aced all the courses I studied with Study Smart. For law, I first scored a D, and now an A! I’m 100% sure that I’ll pass all the courses I study with Study Smart.
I always thought I studied well. My grades were fine. I could never have imagined that applying these study skills would have such a huge and direct impact on my grades, my speed and the pleasure I have in learning.
For the first time, I finally feel totally confident about the way I learn. I have the perfect overview and make great progress in terms of speed and the grades I get. Thanks, Chris!
I immediately started to enjoy learning again, and my grades soared. All of a sudden, everything went better. I highly recommend Study Smart to all students..
Being able to create my materials online made the process of studying so much smoother and quicker. I no longer have to spend a huge amount of my time on creating my summaries.
At first, my notes were a mess. Now I use Study Smart to take my notes in a perfectly structured way. It helps me to save a lot of time and do other things I enjoy.
Students that study with Study Smart get better grades. The system applies all the learning methods in such a way that both well-performing students and students who struggle perform much better.
Hi Chris, I would like to thank you very much. Last year I scored C on a course, and this year I got an A+ thanks to your method! Thank you very much!
The largest effect is that my child is more enthusiastic about school! Every parent wants their children to be happy at school, Study Smart made it happen.
In high school, I failed several exams, and that has really changed now. I actually needed this tool very much back then. Since I started studying with StudySmart, I haven't had any D's. My average score is now an A and those are results I would have never had in the past
With my old method, I passed only 3 out of 8 courses. Since I started taking my notes digitally in Study Smart, I have passed all my courses on the first try. For me, StudySmart takes away the stress of wondering if I will pass or not.
Thanks to StudySmart, I passed all my exams, and with better grades than before! On top of that, I have mastered a very good study method now, which I am confident will help me earn my degree.
Why is data not theory?
- Data describe which empirical patterns were observed and theory explains why empirical patterns were observed or are expected to be observed
- Data is evidence for theory and vice versa
- Empirical results can certainly provide useful support for a theory. But they should not be construed as theory themselves.
- Prior findings cannot by themselves motivate hypotheses, and the reporting of results cannot substitute for causal reasoning.
- Qualitative papers: quotes/observations themselves are not enough. Develop arguments why
Why is a list of variables/conducts not theory?
- A theory must also explain why variables or constructs come about or why they are connected.
- Lists may be useful as catalogues
- Compare sets of variables on the dependent variables
Why are diagrams not theory?
- Can be used to visualise findings instead of writing
- Diagrams and figures should be considered as stage props rather than the performance itself
- Good theory is often representational and verbal.
- But should be good enough that only text/only diagrams should suffice
Why are hypotheses/predicitons not theory?
- Serve as crucial bridges between theory and data
- Makes explicit how the variables and relationships that follow from a logical argument will be operationalized
- Hypotheses are concise statements about what is expected to occur, not why it is expected to occur.
- Strong theory usually stems from a single or small set of research idea/hypotheses
The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:
- A unique study and practice tool
- Never study anything twice again
- Get the grades you hope for
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
