Outbreak of Civil War - Long-Term Causes - Nationalism/Ideology

8 important questions on Outbreak of Civil War - Long-Term Causes - Nationalism/Ideology

What quote summarizes the idea that it was Nationalism rather than historical and religious disputes that caused the Palestinian Civil War from November 1947 - May 1948?

"The Arab-Israeli conflict emerged with the advent of nationalism in the Middle East and the conflict... is one of competing nationalisms" - Kirsten Schulze

This is supported by the fact that there hadn't been a continuous dispute in the 2000 years that the Palestinian Arabs had lived in Palestine; instead as a wave of Nationalism impacted the rest of the world in the late 19th-20th Centuries there was a rise in tension

What is an example of Jewish Nationalism?

1896: Theodor Herzl: The Jewish State

Main argument of the book:
  1. European Jews couldn't expect an end of anti-Semitism
  2. Therefore, they needed to find an Jewish state 'large enough to satisfy the rightful requirements of a Nation'

What statistic implies that there is growing Jewish Nationalism meant greater Jewish immigration to Palestine?

1896: Theodor Herzl's book "The Jewish State" was published

1880-1914:
  • 60,000 Zionists settled in Palestine
  • 1914: Jews formed nearly 10% of total Palestinian Population
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What is an example of Arab-Nationalism in the early 20th Century?

1913: first Arab National Congress
1914: Arab Nationalist Manifesto published.

This called for:
  1. Independence from Turkey "Do not let an oppressive tyrant, who only despises you, remain in your country'
  2. Unity among Arabs "O ye Arabs! You all dwell in one land, you speak one language, so be also one national and one land. Do not become divided amongst yourselves"

What is an example of the link between Arab Nationalism and Islam?

1916: Arab Revolt; organised to win British support for Arab Independence
  • Organised by the Sharif of Mecca - Hussein - who was the guardian of Mecca and Medina (two holiest sites in Islam) and most important Muslim leader
  • Arab Revolt led by Hussein's son, Emir (Prince) Faisal

What is an example of Jewish Nationalism during WW1?

British Zionists; led by Chaim Weizmann worked hard to win support of the British government for establishment of a Jewish homeland (this resulted in the Balfour Declaration in 1917)

What was one of the causes of Arab Nationalism?

17th Century AD: Ottoman Turk conquest of Middle-East:
  • Oppressed Arabs; forced to pay taxes and provide soldiers
  • Late 19th Century Arab intellectuals tried to remove Ottoman rulers

What three things did Arab Nationalism become reactionary to?

  1. Opposition to the Ottoman Empire; particularly more nationalistic policies pursued by the Ottoman government following the 'Young Turk' Revolt (1908)
  2. Opposition to European Interference (British Mandate)
  3. Opposition to Zionism

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