Summary: Ad

Read the summary and the most important questions on AD

• Week 1, deel 1

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• What are the strengths, limitations and implications of Krabbenborg et al.?

  Strengths = effectiveness of method among homeless youth; in-depth information; also tested the fidelity; internal coaches; quality framework; improvement of Houvast after this research
  Limitations = difficult to motivate them for follow-up interview; maybe differences between experimental and control group due to bias
  Implication = improve services for homeless youth and professionalizing these

• What en how does Rice et al. measures internet use associated with sexual health risks?

  This research is about runaways and homeless children. Self-report surveys. 84% uses the internet at least once a week. Online partner seeking is linked to a high HIV/AIDS risk.
  But also: connection with home based peers lead to more HIV testing and a reduction of risk.
  Homeless MSM --> more online seeking.

• What are the (dis)advantages of internet use according to Rice et al.?

  Advantages: easier to find places to sleep; reconnect with parents and go home; reduced sexual risk taking; more HIV testing
  Disadvantages: when you are a hooker (soliciting sex online); easier to find contacts, leads to more HIV risk; connect to street-based networks
  --> paradox!
  --> more risk for men

• What are limitations and implications of Rice et al.?

  Limitations = self-reports; cross-sectional data; non-probability sampling strategy; no difference between online and face-to-face contacts
  Implications = use of internet to access home and street-based social network ties; these ties were associated with sexual risk taking factors
  --> need of longitudinal data
  --> programs

• Week 1, deel 2

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• What doe Ter Bogt et al. say about media preferences?

  Media emphasizes: traditional work roles; self-objectification; lower-self esteem and higher depression; acceptance of violence against women
  Ward adds: permissive sexual attitudes; stereotypes of men as primarily sex driven; stereotypes of women as sex objects; importance of appearance of for men.

• What are the theories in Ter Bogt et al. about media preferences?

  - Schema theory (gender role schema's extended and refined)
  - Priming theory (stimuli can activate cognitive schema's and that repeated activation leads to strengthening of these schema's)
  - Social cognitive theory (people tend to learn from and imitate each other (relevance; high-status; benefits (when this is more probable, more imitation)
  - Media practice model (media choices reflect the needs and preferences of consumers and that these choices actively shape their own environment)
  There is a lot of sexualized content in the media!

• What are the limitations of Ter Bogt. about music preferences?

  - Don't know if they were really affected
  - Cross-sectional
  --> self objectification + boys who look for erotica leads to SAS

• What is the research of Ter Bogt et al. about (minor delinquency in relation to music)?

  80-90% of the adolescents between 12-18 y/o listens to music (to cope with problems and moods and to establish a social identity).
  5 styles of music
  - Conventional mainstream (pop)
  - Intens en rough rock (rock, heavy metal, punk, emo)
  - Ritmic and soul (hiphop, R&B, blues, reggae)
  - Highly energetic music (house, trance, techno)
  - Complicated highbrow music (classic, jazz)
  Preference is relatively stabile. (--> increase in delinquency)
  Peers have the same music taste as their friends.

• What are the theories of youth culture?

  1. Coleman --> social importance of education (studious youth; athletes; populars;) --> different attitudes and values
  2. Matza --> position and behaviour of social youth; prolonged education and dependence; loose social integration (still financially dependent); partial autonomy; types (= scrupulous; studious; athletes; rebellious (= delinquents; radicals (politcals); bohemians)
  3. Centre of Contemporary Cultural Studies Birmingham (CCCS)
  - P. Cohen: sub-cultural conflict in a working class community
  - S. Cohen: folk devils and moral panics
  - Hebdige: subcultures
  - Willis: learning to labour
  --> style as a response to major societal change

• Week 2, deel 1

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• Leg de 'theory of cognitive development of gender' uit van Kohlberg.

  --> gender is a fundamental way of organizing ideas about the world
  3 y/o: gender identity (way of organizing info)
  4/5 y/o: gender self-socialisation
  6-10 y/o: gender aspects more flexible (more gender intensification)
  --> ontwikkelen van formele handelingen, waaronder zelfreflectie en idealisering (reflectie op man/vrouw zijnde)