Emotion regulation (!!) - nog maken
41 important questions on Emotion regulation (!!) - nog maken
What are the components of emotion regulation according to Gross?
- When one has the emotion.
- How one lives with the emotion.
- How one shows the emotion.
What is highlighted regarding the adaptiveness of strategies in emotion regulation depending on context?
- Engagement and reappraisal are beneficial in low emotional intensity contexts.
- Disengagement and distraction might be better for high emotional intensity contexts.
How do Gratz and Roemer define emotional regulation as a construct?
- Components focused on include awareness, understanding, and acceptance of emotions.
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What is emphasized in terms of the relationship between emotion regulation and obtaining goals?
- Inhibiting impulsive behavior to achieve goals is a valuable skill.
What is the importance of flexibility in emotion regulation according to Gratz and Roemer?
- Awareness, understanding, and acceptance of emotions contribute to emotion regulation flexibility.
What significance does context hold in determining the adaptiveness of emotion regulation strategies?
- Adaptive strategies may vary based on the intensity of the emotional situation.
What do Gratz and Roemer highlight in relation to awareness, understanding, and acceptance of emotions for emotional regulation?
- Understanding involves linking emotional states with experiences or contexts.
- Acceptance is allowing emotions to exist.
Why is adaptiveness of strategies not universal, according to the information provided?
- What is beneficial for mental health varies based on the intensity of the emotional situation.
How does Gross define emotion regulation in terms of influencing emotional experiences?
- Influencing when emotions are experienced.
- Influencing how emotions are lived with and expressed.
Why is it important to tolerate negative emotions under pressure?
- Intolerance of negative emotions might stem from parents
- Not mastering emotional regulation skills can lead to mental health problems
What is emotional regulation according to Gratz and Roemer and Thompson?
- **Thompson** defines emotional regulation as the ability to **identify, understand, and integrate emotion information**
- It involves **managing behavior** in line with **interpersonal and intrapersonal goals**
According to Thompson, what is the aim of emotional regulation?
- It is about managing emotions to achieve goals, not just about **feeling good** or **feeling bad**
- **Balancing positive and negative emotions** is essential for a fulfilling life
What is the developmental trajectory of emotion regulation in children?
Shift from EXTERNAL to INTERNAL emotion regulation.
Transition from tantrums to socially appropriate behaviors.
- At 11-13 years, concerns about social status --> reactivity to rewards and show regulatory difficulties.
- During 14-16 years, development of formal logic, perspective-taking, empathetic concern, and long-term goals.
- At 17-19 years, "adult-like" emotion regulation strategies with better response to peer pressure and more responsible behavior.
What characterizes the emotion regulation of children aged 9-10 years?
- Shift from EXTERNAL emotion regulation to INTERNAL emotion regulation.
- Transition from exhibiting tantrums and outbursts to displaying socially appropriate emotional behaviors.
What changes in emotion regulation can be observed in children aged 11-13 years?
- Experience of regulatory difficulties, especially in social scenarios.
What are the developmental aspects of emotion regulation in children aged 14-16 years?
- Acquisition of skills such as perspective-taking, empathetic concern, and goal setting.
- Consolidation of gender differences based on stereotypes.
How does emotion regulation evolve in adolescents aged 17-19 years?
- Ability to resist peer pressure.
- Demonstration of more responsible and moderate behaviors.
What are the external and internal aspects of emotion regulation in children?
- Internal regulation involves methods like distraction, reappraisal, and planning.
Why is it noted that adult-like behavior at ages 17-19 might be early?
What occurs regarding the use of emotion regulation strategies in individuals aged 12-15?
- There is an **increase** in **maladaptive** strategies
- Due to the **active** reward system/reactive system and **lagging** regulation brain part in this age group
- Increased **risk** of developing **psychopathology** in adolescence
What did a study on adolescents reporting their emotion regulation reveal?
- **Acceptance** is the most used strategy
- Other strategies include problem-solving, rumination, distraction, avoidance, reappraisal, social support, and suppression
- Strategy choice affected by **emotional intensity** (e.g., low intensity = acceptance)
What influences the development of emotion regulation in adolescence?
- There is an imbalance between **emotional reactivity** and **regulative capacities**
- In adolescence, emotional reactivity is stronger than regulation (i.e., **bottom-up** and **top-down** interplay)
What does the Tripartite Model of Emotion Regulation Socialization describe?
- The model is linked to **mental health**, **adjustment**, and **well-being**
- There is **no evidence** for the full model despite some empirical evidence
How does emotional intensity impact the choice of emotion regulation strategies in adolescents?
- **High intensity** emotions lead to the use of other strategies like problem-solving, rumination, distraction, avoidance, reappraisal, social support, and suppression
What does the imbalance between emotional reactivity and regulative capacities in adolescence signify?
- This imbalance involves an interaction between **bottom-up** emotional responses and **top-down** regulatory skills development
What did Lin et al. provide evidence for regarding emotion regulation, people's upbringing, and mental health?
- Relationship between upbringing, emotion regulation, mental health
- Differentiating factors for emotion regulation: supportive vs unsupportive parenting behaviors
- Model only correlational, not causal
What happens during adolescence in relation to the development of emotion regulation?
- Peers become more influential for adolescent emotion regulation
- Parents, despite becoming less influential, remain crucial for emotional socialization
Define emotional synchrony and explain its difference between interactions with parents and with peers.
- Synchrony with peers is stronger than with parents
- Peers sync more due to the need to bond, whereas the bond with parents is innate and strong
What is the focus of emotion regulation research during adolescence and how do individuals differ in their use of emotion regulation strategies?
- Individuals act differently in the presence of peers vs. family
- No significant differences exist between boys and girls in using strategies
What is co-rumination and how does it differ in its impact between girls and boys?
- Commonly seen in girls
- Higher stress for boys who don't co-ruminate vs. those who do, opposite for girls
What is the EMRRGed model and how is it linked to temperament, well-being, and psychopathology?
- Proposes a link between temperament, well-being, and psychopathology
- Link is mediated by emotion regulation and behavior affecting thriving
How was the EMRRGed model tested empirically and what aspects of individuals were focused on during the testing?
- Focus on emotional reactivity, emotion regulation, and mental health to understand how temperament influences thriving
How does emotional sync differ between peers and parents during interactions and what might explain this difference?
- Peers synchronize more due to the need to bond, whereas the parental bond is innate and strong from the beginning
What is co-rumination and how does it affect stress levels differently in boys and girls?
- More stressful for boys who do not co-ruminate than those who do
- In girls, high co-rumination leads to higher stress compared to low co-rumination
What is the importance of effect size and confidence intervals when studying associations?
- Effect size
How is the relationship between negative affectivity (NA) and maladaptive emotion regulation described?
- NA explains about 10 percent of variance in maladaptive emotion regulation
- No indication of NA explaining ER skills or use of adaptive strategies
What association is observed between positive affectivity (PA) and emotion regulation in the findings?
- PA explains about 25 percent of variance in ER skills and about 10 percent in adaptive ER strategies
- No indication of PA explaining maladaptive ER strategies
How does the study describe the relationship between emotion regulation skills and strategies?
- ER skills explain about 20 percent of variance in use of adaptive strategies
- No indication of ER skills or adaptive strategies explaining maladaptive strategies
What is the relationship between emotion regulation and symptoms as described in the findings?
- More maladaptive regulation is associated with more symptoms
- ER skills and strategies explain about 10 percent of variance in depression symptoms
What suggestions are provided for future research related to associations in the population?
- Test longitudinally and at different timepoints
- Take into account context such as life events' effects
How is the statistical significance of an effect size determined using a confidence interval?
- This means the evidence is inconclusive and one cannot conclude the effect size is different from 0
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