Summary: Adrs

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  • 1 Variables and distributions

    This is a preview. There are 13 more flashcards available for chapter 1
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  • What are the definitions of a variable?

    1. An outcome (or response or dependent) variable. This is the variable that is the main interest in our study.
    2. An explanatory (or exposure or independent) variable. This is a variable that changes the value of our outcome.
  • Which categorical or binary variables are there?

    - Categorical
    - Binary
    - Ordered categorical
  • What is a binary variable?

    The simplest type of categorical variable which has only two categories, e.g. sex, parasitaemia, anaemia, IgE seropositive
  • What is an ordered categorical variable?

    A variable that has different categories which are naturally ordered on some scale, e.g. severity of disease, performance scores for HIV-patients, age-groups, pain scale
  • What is the definition of a quantitative variable?

    A variable that describes a quantity which can be counted or measured numerically.
  • What is a continuous variable?

    A variable that can be quantified on a well-defined scale with units and do not have any restriction on the set of values that they can take, e.g. birth weight
  • What is a discrete  variable?

    A variable that can be quantified on a well-defined scale with units but the values that they can take are from a finite set, e.g. number of live-born children
  • How is data presented in a pie chart?

    In a pie chart the frequencies or the percentages are represented by the angles in different sectors (slices) of a circle; the total circle is 100%
  • How is data presented in a bar chart?

    In a bar chart the numbers of percentages are represented by the lengths of the bars
  • Which ways can quantitative data be presented?

    - Histogram
    - Cumulative frequency curves
    - Scatter plots
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