Analysis of Carbohydrates - Examples of carbohydrate analysis - GOS in baby formula
8 important questions on Analysis of Carbohydrates - Examples of carbohydrate analysis - GOS in baby formula
What are the challenges of analyzing GOS in infant formula?
- Prebiotic oligosaccharides represented in very low amounts (0.2 – 2%) in food product
- Abundance of monomers and dimers
- High levels of Maltodextrins may disturb detection of prebiotic oligosaccharides
Why is invitro information on GOS not that usefull?
Why do you do a AMG incubation for the samples before extracted by SPE?
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Why is cant you analyse the FOS and Inuline in a food matrix jet?
What is the difference between Human milk Oligosaccharides (HMO) and GOS?
GOS is transglycosylation product from lactose.
- Mayority of GOS has also a lactose cor unit
- Also beneficial for gut lfore
What are the challenges of CE-LIF-MS in HMO analysis
Structure HMOs very complex
- not all standards available
- new structures formed during intestinal passage
Some HMO-isomers separated by CE-LIF
- same masses
- MS can differentiate between several structures
MS^n experiments for structural characterization!
What is the difference about Breast fed and formula fed babies?
Breast&fed babies
- Peak profile fecal extract different from mother milk
- Intestinal degradation of simple structures
- Predominant “leftover structures“ (resulting from degradation)
- Intestinal lactase-/sialidase-activity
- De-fucosylation of di-fucosyl-HMOs easier than mono-fucosyl HMOs
(accumulation) - Unknown peaks identified by CE-LIF- MSn: LNFP Y, LNT
-> result of intestinal degradation
Formula&fed babies
- Peak profile fecal extract different from GOS formula
- Peak profiles according to time of birth ?
- Accumulation of DP4
- Mucus derived oligosaccharides (other flora developed than breastfed baby)
What is the conclusion concerning analytics in HMO analysis?
- CE is a sensitive and high resolution separation technique
- Sample cleanup of HMO's form mother milk and baby fecal samples relatively simple to do
- MS identification of HMO's is only 'simple' due to pre-existing knowledge and different m/z values of sugar building blocks
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