Psychological and psychiatric aspects of brain disorder: Nature, assessment and implications for clinical neuropsychology

22 important questions on Psychological and psychiatric aspects of brain disorder: Nature, assessment and implications for clinical neuropsychology

What symptoms define psychosis? Name 2.

1. Delusional beliefs

2. Hallucinating

How is a psychosis related to Lewy body disease?

Visual hallucinations help diagnose because they present early in the disease

How is Parkinson disease related to psychosis?

In PD, hallucinations develop later in the disease in response to treatment with dopamine
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Give a definition of conversion disorder

Neurological symptoms in absence of physical cause or explained by underlying medical condition is conversion disorder or somatoform disorder

Name 8 symptoms of how conversion disorder can manifests itself

1. blindness

2. headaches

3. weakness

4. paralysis

5. fainting

6. abnormal gait

7. abnormal movement

8. fits              

When does one call symptoms a somatization disorder?

Symptoms are called somatization disorder when unexplained neurological symptoms present with complaints as particularly pain and gastric symptoms

In what neurodegenerative diseases is CD common?

Parkinson disease and Lewy Body disease

Why is it important to do assessment when thinking of psychological disorder?

For differential diagnoses or identifying psychiatric condition

Name 3 structured interviews used to assess psychological symptoms

SCID, SCAN and BPRS

Name 5 problems NP can bump into when wanting to investigate nature and severity psychological symptoms and choosing assessment methods

1. overlap signs and symptoms of psychiatric state and brain disorder

2. presence dementia

3. insight

4. anosognosia

5. aphasia

Name 3 things that should be involved in clinical interview and observation for assessing neuropsychological symptoms

1. psychiatric history

2. current psychiatric state

3. current and recent medication

In what cases does one use informant reports to assess psychological symptoms?

1. In case of dementia or aphasia

2. when assessing presence and severity of psychological problems in pt.

3. To assess non-cognitive symptoms

What is a common self-report instrument in depression and anxiety?

Beck depression inventory, HADS, Geriatric Depression Scale

What is a common self-report instrument for apathy?

Most scales rated by clinician with help of informants due to reduced insight and lack of concern

What is a common self-report instrument for psychosis?

Psychiatric interviews such as SCID, SANS, BPRS
For dementia: NPI or MOUSEPAD

What are the three main issues in relationship psychological disorder, cognitive function and performance in assessment?

1. Question whether pt. present psychological or psychiatric problems

2. Interaction problems between cognitive functioning and test performance

3. does the consequence of such changes for accurate assessment of cognitive dysfunction result from brain disorder?

What is different in apathy from for example depression or anxiety?

Apathy is a feature of a primary brain disorder, never an isolated indifference to test situation or outcome

When do pt. suffering from apathy show deficit?

Patients with apathy may perform normally on routine tasks but show deficit in novelty or when self-initiate behavior is required

Why are assessment situations often poor in showing deficits in apathy?

Assessments are highly structured

What test is sensitive in assessing apathy?

Verbal fluency very sensitive for disorder apathy: mind empty of spontaneous thought

Why is depression called a challenging problem?

depression causes cognitive deficits or depression caused by cognitive deficits. Question of what caused what.

Pharmacological treatment of anxiety impacts two domains in cognitive functioning. Which two?

memory and psychomotor function

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