Lipids - D. Isolation (extraction) of fats and oils
8 important questions on Lipids - D. Isolation (extraction) of fats and oils
What are the different steps taken to extract fats and oils from seeds?
- Harvest and storage
- Cleaning
- Dehulling (decortication)
- Size reduction (breaking or flaking)
- Conditioning
- Pressing (mechanical extraction)
- Leaching (solvent-aided extraction)
How does the cleaning step go?
- Mechanical = sieving; different size
- Pneumatic = air separation; different density
- Magnetic = metal particles
- Sometimes seed selection on size (e.g. sunflower seeds) to get a more effective decortication.
Why is the dehulling step done?
They impurify and lower the quality of your oil.
So the dehulling is a very important step.
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Why is the size reduction step done?
- disrupting cell wall
- maximizing oil liberation (increasing surface area)
- Ensuring uniform cooking
- Reducing of power required in further processing
What are the different types of pressing that can be done?
- Low pressure
- Cake still has 15-25% oil (--> solvent extraction)
Direct pressing:
- High pressure (--> high energy!)
- Cake has 4-7% residual oil
- Increasing temperature --> cooling needed
Cold pressing:
● No heat is applied
● For example for extra virgin olive oil (high quality oil)
What is the sceme of solvent aid extraction?
- Haxane is added to the flakes (This will extract the oil from the flakes)
- The haxane oil mixture (miscella) is heated and then you will have crude oil seperated of hexane (0.1% haxane can be left)
- To the fat free flakes water is added to extract the haxane. The haxane is reused agian.
- The Wet fat ree flakes kan by dried and used as animal feed (0.5% solvend may remain)
What are the requirements for a solvent?
- High oil solubility at low temperature
- High selectivity for extract
- Chemical inertness
- Noninflammable, nonexplosive, non-irritant, noncaustic, non-poisonous
- Low viscosity to ensure good percolation
- Easily removable from meal and oil
- Immiscible with water
- Environmentally friendly
How does the extraction of pulp oils go?
- Sterilization --> loose fruits
- Stripping --> separate fruits
- Digestion
● separate fruit from seed
● Break cell walls (liberate oil-bodies) - Pressing --> separate oil+water
- Oil clarification --> remove solids & water
- Oil drying --> remove water
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