GI tract composition analysis
13 important questions on GI tract composition analysis
What is the difference between a population and community of micro-organisms?
- Microorganisms function as populations assemblages of similar microbes
e.g. Lactobacillus population - Microorganisms function as communities mixtures of different microbial populations.
e.g. GI tract microbial community
How is ribosomal RNA used as an marker?
- One ore more rRNA gene copies present in all living systems.
- Protein synthesizing is an essential function --> results in a slow genetic evolution --> rRNA sequences are highly conserved.
- Mutation rate of rRNA corresponds to evolutionary divergence of micro-organisms.
- Low lateral gene transfer and sequence heterogeneity
- Multicopy expression (rRNA) reflects cellular activity
- Clasification: 16S rRNA sequence > 97% similarity likely to be the same species.
How does Random cloning ans sequencing work?
- DNA isolated directly from feces
- PCR with universal bacterial primers
- Clone and sequence
- Comparative analysis to 16S rRNA databases.
- Higher grades + faster learning
- Never study anything twice
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
For my 1st exam I got a C. Then, I started looking for ways to learn better and I came across Study Smart. Since then I have scored a A+, A, A- and another A. I highly recommend it to everyone who wants to hear it. I am so happy with it!!
I was struggling to finish all my first-year subjects for 3 years. Then I discovered Study Smart, which helped me to finish all of them within 3 months.
Because of StudySmart, things are going well in many ways. Before, I always had study stress and no time for anything. Now I feel calm and confident (because of the program). I used to score a B, now I usually score an A or A+.
Hey Chris, I really want to thank you very much for developing the platform, I usually got around C for my exams, now I scored an A+, an A and a A- !!
Since using Study Smart, my average has increased significantly. I even completed a statistics course with a A+ while I'm bad at statistics. I took on extra courses this year, because of Study Smart. Thanks so much!
Ever since I started studying with StudySmart I passed all my exams !!! No more re-sits!! At first, I was happy with a pass and now I only get good grades. Many thanks!
I aced all the courses I studied with Study Smart. For law, I first scored a D, and now an A! I’m 100% sure that I’ll pass all the courses I study with Study Smart.
I always thought I studied well. My grades were fine. I could never have imagined that applying these study skills would have such a huge and direct impact on my grades, my speed and the pleasure I have in learning.
For the first time, I finally feel totally confident about the way I learn. I have the perfect overview and make great progress in terms of speed and the grades I get. Thanks, Chris!
I immediately started to enjoy learning again, and my grades soared. All of a sudden, everything went better. I highly recommend Study Smart to all students..
Being able to create my materials online made the process of studying so much smoother and quicker. I no longer have to spend a huge amount of my time on creating my summaries.
At first, my notes were a mess. Now I use Study Smart to take my notes in a perfectly structured way. It helps me to save a lot of time and do other things I enjoy.
Students that study with Study Smart get better grades. The system applies all the learning methods in such a way that both well-performing students and students who struggle perform much better.
Hi Chris, I would like to thank you very much. Last year I scored C on a course, and this year I got an A+ thanks to your method! Thank you very much!
The largest effect is that my child is more enthusiastic about school! Every parent wants their children to be happy at school, Study Smart made it happen.
In high school, I failed several exams, and that has really changed now. I actually needed this tool very much back then. Since I started studying with StudySmart, I haven't had any D's. My average score is now an A and those are results I would have never had in the past
With my old method, I passed only 3 out of 8 courses. Since I started taking my notes digitally in Study Smart, I have passed all my courses on the first try. For me, StudySmart takes away the stress of wondering if I will pass or not.
Thanks to StudySmart, I passed all my exams, and with better grades than before! On top of that, I have mastered a very good study method now, which I am confident will help me earn my degree.
How does the DNA isolation form feces go?
This is done multiple times so you get millions of copies.
How does cloning and sequencing go?
What kind of bacteria do you have in the culture?
A: A new bacteria with a summarily to Faecalibacterium prausnitzii.
What is high trueput sampeling?
- Streptavidin-coupled Dynabead can bind to the primer that will bind to the DNA.
- Whent it is denatured it will stick to the bead.
- The primer has a reconisable sequence that is specific.
- So when you are analysing that data you can see that this DNA has this primer and therefore is from which sample your product came.
- So barcode A is from sample 1.
- You can analyse all your data at the same time.
How does PCR-DGGE work?
They are separated by denaturing gradient gel electroscopes.
- Because the DNA has different sequences they will denature at a different point.
- When they start denaturing they will stop running tough the gel and this is how you can separate them.
- A GC clamp (part of dna that is always the same) is added. This has the same sequence and will not denture. It prevents your DNA form being complacently denatured and running trough the gel.
What is Real-time PCR?
It's a fluorescence based technique: emission of fluorescence is directly correlated to the amount of amplified DNA. `(this is not realy the case in real life but close enough)
What is the difference between standard PCR and real time PCR?
With real time you look at the times you have to multiply the DNA to get the the treshold level. This can be a reliable indicator of the initial copy number.
How does a DNA Array work?
What are the outcome of the experiments and what are the main limitations?
What is the information you can get from fingerprinting?
You can compere samples
The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:
- A unique study and practice tool
- Never study anything twice again
- Get the grades you hope for
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
