Anti-tick vaccines and Malaria
3 important questions on Anti-tick vaccines and Malaria
Why are ticks more than passive carriers of the disease?
Tick saliva have specific proteins that are anti-inflammatory and anti-coagulant (blood remain fluid)
- Salp15 inhibit naive T cell response by binding to CD4 and DC activation
- interacting with OspC with Salp15 acts as an invisible coat, so it won't be recognize by the host cell
- Tick immunity - when you gets bitten multiple time, causing immunity so it is difficult for the tick to bite and also protected by the bacteria
- vaccine can target midgut or salivary gland proteins
Why is anemia in Plasmodium falciparum infection more serious?
- Infected mosquito --> spores go to liver, which then go to red blood cells to mature
Red blood cells will rupture --> cause fever and anemia (O2)
- P. Falci is the only one that can infect both old and young red cells (increase chance for anemia compared to other)
- able to block small blood vessel, as surface change to attact to blood vessel
- degradation of hemoglobin for growth
Why are certain groups more vulnerable than others?
- Children; did not have see the parasite
- non-immune people (traveler); have not seen the parasite so no build-up immunity
- pregnant women
- pregnancy associated malaria
- placental malaria;
- due to antigenic switching, the parasite can bind to CSA (only expressed during pregnancy)
So even when the women got in contact with the parasite when she was not pregnant, this build up immunity will not help for the placental malaria due to antigenic switching.
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