Causal interference - Inferential statistics

7 important questions on Causal interference - Inferential statistics

Three ways of keeping the standard deviation (SD) and the standard error (SE) apart?

  1. The standard deviation (SD) measures dispersion in the underlying population.
  2. The standard error (SE) measures the dispersion of the sample means.
  3. The standard error (SE) is the standard deviation (SD) of the sample means
    1. This ties the concepts together.

What is null hypothesis significance testing?

H0 is our starting assumption, which will be rejected or not on the basis of subsequent statistical analysis. 

What happens if we reject the null hypothesis?

We typically accept some alternatvie hypothesis that is more consistent with the data observed
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What is the alternative hypothesis?

It is a conclusion that must be true if we can reject the null hypothesis.
  • If the data suggests that the null hypothesis is extremely unlikely then we must reject it and accept the alternative hypothesis.

What is one of the most common thresholds for rejecting the null hypothesis?

One of the most common thresholds is 5 percent. This is often written in decimal form: .05

What is the confidence interval?

A type of interval estimate, computed from the statistics of the observed data, that might contain the true value of an unknown population parameter.
  • the confidence level represents the frequency (proportion) of possible confidence intervals that contain the true value of the unknown population parameter.

What are the five inferential statistics?

  1. Standard error (SE)
    1. & standard deviation (SD)
  2. Null hypothesis significance testing
  3. P-value
  4. Confidence interval
  5. Statistical significance

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