Causal interference - Measures of association
7 important questions on Causal interference - Measures of association
How to define the odds ratio?
or equivalently (due to symmetry),
The ratio of the odss of B in the presence of A and the odds of B in the absence of A.
What does it mean if the odds ratio (OR) > 1?
What does it mean if the odds ratio (OR) < 1?
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When is relative risk (RR) used?
- To estimate the strength of the association between treatments or risk factors, and outcomes.
How can we interpret the values of Relative Risks (RR)?
- RR = 1: means that the exposure does not affect the outcome
- RR < 1: means that the risk of the outcome is decreased by the exposure
- RR > 1: means that the risk of the outcome is increased by the exposure
What are correlation coefficients?
In positively correlated variables, the value increases or decreases in tandem (together).
- They are expressed as values between +1 and -1.
What are the three measures of association?
- Correlation
- differences in means or proportions
- Relative risk / risk ratio
- risk difference
- odds ratio
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