Rose et al.: Online Customer Experience in E-Retailing: An Empirical Model of Antecedents and Outcomes

17 important questions on Rose et al.: Online Customer Experience in E-Retailing: An Empirical Model of Antecedents and Outcomes

The theoretical understanding of online shopping behavior has received much attention. Less focus has been given to the formation of the customer experience (CE) that results from online shopper interactions with e-retailers. What contributes this study of Rose to this?

In the study a model is developed and empirically tested of the relationship between antecedents and outcomes of online customer experience (OCE) within internet shopping websites.

What is the purpose of the study of Rose?

To expand and further our knowledge of OCE, particularly in relation to its antecedents and outcomes.

What are the 3 main objectives of the study of Rose?

1 Identify the components of OCE
2 Develop a comprehensive theoretical model of OCE that incorporated direct and indirect antecedent variables, OCE component variables and outcome variables based on preexisting theory of customer purchase intention.
3 Test empirically the explanatory model of OCE to find support for the proposed causal relationships.
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How can (online) customer experience be defined? (Rose)

CE = The internal and subjective response that customers have to any direct or indirect contact with a company.
OCE = Cognitive state experienced during navigation

Past experience influences future online behavior. How do Rose view OCE impression formation?

They view it as cumulative following repeated exposure to the e-retailer. Beside that online shopping interaction does not take place at the retailers location, the e-retailer may not have total control of all aspects of the OCE formation.

What are the antecedent variables used by Rose?

They are formative upon the cognitive and affective components of OCE, which in turn lead to 3 outcome behaviors: satisfaction, trust and repurchase intention. Then antecedent variables are proposed that independently influence the Cognitive Experiential State (CES) and Affective Experiential State (AES) of OCE supported by literature.

What are the antecedents of the Cognitive Experiential State (CES)? (Rose)

Four antecedent variables are hypothesized to be formative upon CES with theoretical support. The key premise is the concept of 'flow' which is a cognitive state in which the individual is completely absorbed in an activity to the extent that they are mentally immersed and oblivious tot time or other things around them (mentaal onderdompeld and niet bewust van andere dingen om zich heen).

Which four direct antecedents of optimum online flow state are identified, and therefore included within the OCE model? Tell the 4 hypotheses formulated by Rose.

Telepresence, level of challenge, skill and speed of interactivity.
Hypotheses:
The greater the 1) speed of interactivity when, 2) telepresence experienced by, 3) challenge posed by, 4) level of skill at ... using internet shopping websites, the greater the cognitive experiential state (flow).

Explain 4 antecedents of the Affective Experiential State (AES)? (Rose)

There are 4 antecedent variables hypothesized to be formative upon the AES of OCE. Perceived control has a mediating effect upon 3 variables:
1 Ease-of-use
2 Customization (f.e. personal tailoring of website)
3 Connectedness (ability to connect and share knowledge/ideas with others)

Perceived control is an attitudinal variable that helps explain online customer behavior as technical complexity.

Which 4 hypothesis are formulated by Rose regarding the 4 antecedents of the Affective Experiential State (AES)?

5 Tthe greater the ease of use of internet shopping websites, the greater the level of perceived control
6) The greater the opportunity for customization of internet shopping websites, the greater the lever of perceived control.
7) The greater the level of connectedness when using internet shopping website, the greater the level of perceived control
8 The greater the perception of control when using internet shopping websites, the greater the affective experiential state.

Which 2 remaining variables influencing Affective Experiential State (AES) did Rose hypothesized? Describe them and name the hypothesis.

Aesthetics (schoonheid) and perceived benefits are the 2 remaining variables. Aesthetic cues (layout/colors etc.) influence the shopper responses and decisions. It influences AES and that influences outcome behavior of satisfaction and purchase intention.
>> This leads to hypothesis 9: the more aesthetically pleasing internet shopping website are, the greater the affective experiential state

2 Outcome benefits include convenience, price comparison, saving time, enjoyment, and enhanced customer-retailer relationship. They motivate online shopping.
>> This leads to hypothesis 10: The greater the perceived benefits of internet shopping websites, the greater the affective experiential state.

Rose hypothesizes that a relationship exists between the cognitive CES and the affective AES components of OCE. Define AES and CES:

1 CES as the component of OCE 'connected with thinking or conscious mental processes.
2 AES as the component of OCE 'involves one's affective system through the generation of moods, feelings and emotions'.
Rose proposes that CES is influenced by AES (affective state is best recalled) in the context of OCE.
>> This leads to hypothesis 11: the affective experiential state of the online shopper will influence the cognitive experiential state of OCE.

There are 3 behavioral outcomes of OCE identified: satisfaction, trust and repurchase intention. Explain satisfaction and formulate the 2 hypothesis of Rose?

Satisfaction results from the customer's evaluation and impression of the website of performance across a number of attributes. Both cognition and affect have been identified in the formation of satisfaction.
>> This leads to hypothesis 12 and 14
The greater the level of 12) affective, 14) cognitive experiential state, the greater the level of online shopping interaction.

There are 3 behavioral outcomes of OCE identified: satisfaction, trust  and repurchase intention. Explain trust and formulate the 2  hypothesis of Rose?

Trust related to feeling of vulnerability. Trust in the site builds as feelings of vulnerability decrease and expectations are met. AES and CES positively influence trust in the model of Rose.
>> this leads to hypothesis 13 and 15:
The greater the level of 13) affective, 15) cognitive experiential state, the greater the level of trust in online shopping.

What do the findings of Rose indicate?

That control influences the customer's affective state and that 3 variables (connectedness, customization, ease-of-use) directly impact levels of perceived control. However, Rose finds that the ease-of-use has the greater impact indicating that despite advances in technology that enable customer to feel empowered, making it easy to use remains the most important feature.

What does the study identify regarding CES, AES and flow? What does it support and what not (Rose)?

The existence of CES and AES as components of OCE is identified. The study supports the use of the concept of Flow. However this study does not support the role of skills and interactive speed in influencing CES. This can be explained in the changing/improvement of skill levels of customers and website speed.

Summarize what this study of Rose provides?

It provides strong contributions to theoretical knowledge. It extends our understanding of a methodological approach to the investigation of OCE. The study validates a measurement scale for antecedents, components, and consequences of OCE.

The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:

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