Reward sensitvity and motivation - mies, water, buitelaar & scheres (2018) waiting and working for reward
21 important questions on Reward sensitvity and motivation - mies, water, buitelaar & scheres (2018) waiting and working for reward
What do patients with attention deficit and hyperactive disorder (ADHD) show?
How is the preference for small immediate rewards examined
ADHD patients show more negative emotions during waiting times, which leads to an escape delay.
It is found that increased amygdala and insula activations might account for the negative emotions during waiting times. Why is this?
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What is the aim of present study
What is expected in this study looking at delay aversion en reward insensitivity
if reward insensitivity is an important factor, or if ADHD is associated with effort aversion, then we would expect to see steep discounting in ADHD also for ED.
What is the ED condition is this study
What is the DD condition of this study
What were the expectation of this study
2) find group differences in the neutral system underlying DD, but not underlying ED
3) aberrant activation of the VS, vmPFC, LPFC, posterior cingulate cortex and posterior parietal cortex in response to delay related reward cues in ADHD groups.
4) effort related reward cues, activation of the ACC and anterior insula, no group differences
5) adolescents with ADHD would show increased amygdala and insula activation during the experience of delay during effort exertion , no group differences.
What is the method of this study
- had to complete various delay and effort trials with maximal 3 effort trials in a row. 4 sessions of 49 trails and 8 catch trials were incluced to check potential response strategies.
- participand had to squeeze the handgrip until a thermometer was filled up to the required level of effort, while the thermometer remained fixed during delay trials.
Which three steps did the procedure include
2) visual analogue scale how much they liked receiving the different rewards, how much difficulty they experienced with waiting during the delays and with reaching the different levels of effort.
3) valence and arousal self assessment manikin dimensions
What were the results of this study on behavior
physical effort was discounted, no age effects were found and delayed regards were discounted more than effortful rewards.
ADHD group showed steeper discounting than controls during DD only
What were the results of this study on fMRI- decision phase
while the control group showed the opposite i.e. More activation in these regions during effort than delay choices.
What were the results on the cost enduring phase
The aim of the present study was to dissociate the contribution of delay aversion and altered reward sensitvity to steep DD, which is often found in ADHD. What is found in this study regarding to this aim
This would suggest that not only delay aversion, but also altered sensitivity to reward magnitude might play a role in DD
Which is more associated with steep discounting in ADHD (delay aversion or reward sensitivity)
ADHD group scored higher on daily life delay aversion than the control group
What did the ADHD group show in the results
- ADHD group scored higher on daily life delay aversion than control group. No difference between group on reward sensivitiy
- ADHD group showed a stronger delay dose-response relationship was found in the amgydala with increasing delay aversion scores.
- ADHD sample more impulsive and delayed averse than our controls.
- more sadness was reported for ADHD patients during waiting
- no support for decreased motivation to wait or work for rewards due to decreased sensitivity to reward magnitude in ADHD.
More sadness was reported for ADHD patients during waiting. What do the researchers give as reason for this?
Which brain areas had a decreased activation during delay choices in ADHD patients
What did researchers found in ADHD patients in amygdala
Which question is still unanswered after this study
What was the conclusion of this research
Furthermore, a stronger delay dose-response relationship in the amygdala during waiting for those who reported being more delay averse in daily life was found
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