Montoya, terburg, van honk (2012) testosterone, cortisol and serotonin as key regulators of social agression
39 important questions on Montoya, terburg, van honk (2012) testosterone, cortisol and serotonin as key regulators of social agression
What is the difference in impulsive/reactive aggression and instrumental aggression
instrumental; premediated, characterized by a lack of emotions
The balance between .... And ..... Levels might be predictive for both types of aggression
cortisol ratio
The interaction between testosterone and cortisol makes a distinguish between impulsive and instrumental subtypes of aggression
true of false
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Where are cortisol and testosterone products of
Which three levels does the HPA axis consist?
CRH promotes release of adrenocorticotropic hormone by the pituitary (ACTH)
2. ACTH then stimulates the adrenal cortex which ultimately leads to the ..
3. Synthesis and release of glucocorticodes.
The HPG axis also consists of three levels, which three?
3. LH and FSH are transported to the gonads where they produce T, the end product of HPG axis
Which hormone inhibits HPG axis activity at all levels?
Which hormone inhibits HPA activity
How can it be that the interaction of the HPG and HPA axes may be different between sexes
What does the T/CRT ratio hypothesis state
Why do steriods have long term influence on social aggression
How can testosterone promote aggressive approach
- T can regulate aggressive behavior by its conversion to estradiol which also promotes aggression
How can cortisol promote fear
Testosterone and cortisol influence the amygdala in different ways. What do these different action mechanisms at the amygdala influence?
When is the emotional stroop task used
How does the emotional stroop task work
What has been showed in the outcome of emotional stroop task
What are the outcome of emotional stroop task studies provided by double blind, placebo controlled within subject administration studies
administration of T reduces biased attention toward fearful faces in femaless on masked stroop task
studies suggest that when T is high, automatic and attentional vigilance towards facial anger cues increases while it decreases towards facial signs of fear
Higher levels of T are related to ...., what kind of response to angry faces?
Higher levels of CRT are associated with ...., what kind of response to angry faces?
In terms of social aggression the studies overall suggest that the combination of ....... Endogenous T and ...... Endogenous CRT levels will lead to a heightened proneness for social aggression
low CRT levels
Where does the effects of exgenous CRT particulary tap into
Where does the effects of exgenous T particulary taps into
Why are social economic decision making paradigms used instead of emotional stroop task
Give a example of social economic decision making paradigms
How is aggression accompanied looking at reward and punishment
low punishment sensivity
How is fearfulness associated with punishment and reward
low reward sensitivity
What is another social economic decision making paradigm
How does the ultimatum game work
What came out of the ultimatum game studie
by taking a more fair decision, women have a lesser chance of being rejected.
- T might increase prosocial behavior because such behavior is instrumental in preventing social rejection.
high t levels predict high rejection rates in males and females.
while in male participants administering testosterone seemed to lead to social economic decisions related to aggressive behavior, this effect was not seen in women.
How do steriod effects on neural circuitry underly aggression
neuroimaging studies with CRT administration show that exogenous CRT seems to dampen amygdala reactivity in general, while T sensitizes the amgydala selectively towards angry faces.
How are low serotonin levels related to impulsivity
low levels of serotonin are associated with impulsivity and agression leading to the hypothesis that low levels of serotonin and high levels of T facilitate impulsive aggression
Where is high levels of serotonin (5-HT) related to?
What is the conclusion looking at T/CRT ratio and 5-HT (serotonin)
High T with low CRT predisposes ..
What can 5-HT modulate
What do neuroimaging studies show looking at aggressive individuals
instrumental aggressive individuals show amygdala hypo-responsiveness towards threats.
Wat was het verschil tussen mannen en vrouwen in de ultimane game
Ultimate game; mannen zijn eerder geneigd om meer met hun geld te spotten (social dominance) dan vrouwen. Vrouwen zijn meer geneigd om bescheiden met het geld om te gaan en mee te gaan met de ander.
Gijs is a 42 year old man that lives in Nijmegen. Studies have shown that imbalances in hormone levels can cause social aggression. Gijs sometimes suffers from impulsive aggression, which is a subtype of social aggression. Describe which hormones regulate this and whether their levels are high or low in Gijs, do this according to the dual-hormone serotonergic hypothesis?
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