Summary: Age & Age-Related Disorders
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Read the summary and the most important questions on Age & age-related disorders
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1 Aging and centenarians
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1.1 Aging brain
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What are the common pathological brain changes in the aging brain?
AD pathology:neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques
Vascular pathology: cerebral amyloid angiopathy -
What defines a normal aging brain?
When our bodies can maintain homeostasis through adaptation and compensation -
3 structural changes in (healthy) aging brain
Grey matter atrophy in frontal areas
Grey matter atrophy in parietal/temporal areas (Hippocampal sclerosis)
Vascular related white matter changes -
What are general characteristics of Cognitive decline in the aging brain?
Overall decline in cognition
- processing speed
- working memory
- fluid intelligence
- long-term (episodic) memoryIncrease in crystallized intelligence -
Which systems are most affected per type dementia
AD: memory
FTD: EF, behaviour
VD: EF, processing speed
DLB: EF, attention, visuospatial -
What is a functional brain change (network-related) in the aging brain?
Alterations of connectivity in the DMN -
1.1.1 memory
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What are memory-related structures in the brain?
Hippocampus:frontohippocampal and hippoparietal circuit
PFC
Amygdala
Cerebellum -
What are the memory-related structures functions?
Hippocampus: episodic and semantic memory, consolidation
PFC: working memory
Amygdala: emotional memory
Cerebellum: procedural and automatic memory -
What difficulties does frontal decline bring to memories?
difficulty in retrieval
difficulty with false memories and memory distortions -
What are age-related changes in memory?
Greater difficulty on unconstrained tasks at encoding and retrieval
poorer memory for the temporal order of events and contextual info (item memory is fine)
increased false memory or memory distortions
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