Dementia
10 important questions on Dementia
What are relevant risk factors for dementia: AD?
Higher age
Low education
APOE e4 allele present (10%)
Female
High blood pressure
African or Hispanic
What are the prevalence and incidence of AD?
Prevalence: 7 in 1000 have AD, 5% is younger than 65
Incidence: per year
65y 3-8 per 1000
85+y 72 per 1000
What are AD biomarkers?
Neurofibrillary tangles: tau-protein and intracellular inclusions
Amyloid plaques: excessive amyloid beta protein
Neuritic plaques: amyloid beta protein and extracellular deposition. Amyloid plaques plus tau become neuritic plaques through inflammation
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How do the clinical sympotms and biomarkers define the stage of AD?
Biomarker amyloid beta = Alzheimer's pathologic change
Biomarker amyloid beta + pathologic tau = Alzheimer's Dementia
Cinical symptoms but no biomarkers = Alzheimer's clinical syndrome
What are the 4 continuum biomarker profiles?
A+T-N- only amyloid
A+T+N+ all biomarkers
A+T+N- only amyloid and tau
A+T-N+ only amyloid and neuritic plaques
How to obtain the AD biomarkers
Structural imaging: only atrophy
CSF
PET
Blood?
What marker of AD can be detected first?
1 amyloid
2 tau
3 atrophy
4 cognitive impairment
What chemical disruptions -->changes in the brain in AD?
The effect of disruption of the cholinergic system, important for memory and attention,
- hippocampal volume loss,
- entorhinal cortex thinning,
- medial temporal coritical thinning
How did AD become from syndrome to disease?
What is the amyloid hypothesis?
The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:
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