Summary: American Studies

Read the summary and the most important questions on American Studies

• Native Americans

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• Where Native Americans came from

  Over the Beringia landbridge between Asia and North America about 10,000 years ago, probably for hunting large animals.

• Native American cultures

  Hunters, Settlers, Cultivation, Traders, Foragers.    
  Identification with nature and elements (religious beliefs).
  Clan oriented and communal, friendly and hostile relations with other tribes.
  No alfabet, a bit of hieroglyphics, but primarily oral, telling tales and dreams.

• Why colonists came to the colonies

  Political considerations.
  Revolt in England, Charles I lost to Oliver Cromwell led cavaliers to emigrate to Virginia.
  Oppressive policies of princes in German-speaking regions, in regard to religion and a long series of wars.

• The U.S. Government

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• The French and Indian War

  Causes: The French controlled the Mississippi river and the land stretching from Quebec to New Orleans, limiting British expansion westward.
  An armed clash took place in Duquesne (now Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania), between French regulars and Virginia militiamen under George Washington.
  Albany congress.
  Albany Plan.
  The Peace of Paris treaty.

• The 2nd Continental Congress

  On May 10th 1775 the congress voted to go to war, appointing Coronel George Washington as Commander-in-chief.
  Despite armed conflict, the Congress adopted the Olive Branch Petition, begging the king to preent hostile actions until an agreement could be worked out. King George rejected it and on 23rd August 1775 declared the colonies to be in a state of rebellion.

• Thomas Paine's Common Sense

  Paine's book 'Common Sense' helped to crystallize a decision for separation. He attacked the idea of a hereditary monarchy, declaring that one honest man was worth more to society than all the crowned ruffians that ever lived and presented the alternatives: continued submission or liberty, happiness as a self-sufficient independent republic.

• Marbury vs Madison: Judicial Review

  When Geroge Washington became the 1st President on April 30 1789 the government had to create its own judiciary to enforce laws.
  In one of the most famous opinions of chief justice John Marshall of Virginia: Marbury vs Madison 1803, he established the right of the Supreme Court to review the constitutionality of any law of Congress or state legislature.

• Choosing the President

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• Candidacy to run for election

  Announced 18 months before the elections.

• Immigration

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• Who moved to the US between 1680-1776 to become intentured servants?

  The scotish-irish

• Asiatic Barred Zone Act

  Anybody from the north-east or Asia is not welcome in the US
  1917
  Reason: The California gold rush during the mid-nineteenth century attracted an influx of Asian immigrants to the Far West. The arrival of the gold began to run out. After, Asians were forcibly removed from mining areas and blamed for the dry-up in profits from gold mining.