Homeostasis and Behavior - Energy Balance - Metabolism during the Fasting State
7 important questions on Homeostasis and Behavior - Energy Balance - Metabolism during the Fasting State
What happens after prolonged fasting or very demanding exersize?
Lipolysis is triggered by low levels of insulin, sympathetic release of norepinephrine, and increased levels of glucagon and growth hormone. Vigerous exercise releases corticosterone or cortisol that can induce lipolysis and glucogenisis.
What are the most common ways to increase bloodsugar levels without eating?
Glucagon release, glucogenesis, and sympathetic stimulation of fat-breakdown.
Where are metabolic fuel detectors found?
Brain, liver, muscle and fat cells.
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Where are detectors for blood sugar levels found?
CNS can detect levels of oxidation in glucose.
Show the metabolic interactions when in fasting state.
- Glucagon is released from the pancreas
- Glycogen (glucogenolysis), gelycerol, and armina acids are converted into glucose in the liver (gluconeogenisis)
- "Liberated"glucose and ketone bodies power the brain.
- Ketone bodies and free fatty acids fuel muscles; sotred protein is broken down into component amino acids.
- Lipolysis in adipose tissue releases free fatty acids, which are converted to ketone bodies in the liver, and glyrcerol which is converted to glucose in the liver; leptin secretion is inhibited.
- Red blood cells make lactate,which is concerted to glucose in the live
How does the CNS help save glucose for the brain?
By switching from metabolizing glucose to metabolizing fatty acids mobilized from the lipids stored in adipose tissue to make ATP.
What is ketosis and how does it happen?
The production of ketone bodies happens with glucogenogenisis and is the byproduct of making sugar from free fatty acids and comes from the incomplete oxidation of free fatty acids. The most serious effect is the change in blood pH which can result in deleterious effect on neural function. Prolonged fasting, diabetes with uncontrolled blood sugar and long-term carbohydrate-free diets can cause ketosis.
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