The nature-nurture debate

29 important questions on The nature-nurture debate

How do we call a type of species in which the young are incapable of moving around on their own and are dependent on their parents for food and safety for a period of time after birth?

altricial species

How do we call a type of species in which the young are physically mobile and able from the moment of birth or hatching?

precocial species

How do we call the view that many skills or abilities are hard wired into the brain at birth, a result of genetic inheritance?

nativism
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How do we call the view that humans are not born with built-in core knowledge, or mental content, but that all knowledge is gained from learning and experiencing?

empiricism

How do we call a measure of a person's level of intelligence compared to a population of individuals of the same age?

Intelligence Quotient

How do we call it when a test is created in a certain way to make the population vary around a mean?

a standardized test.

Intelligence is a complex construct that consists of a lot of components, what is the underlying general factor that underlies performance on all components?

general intelligence, or g.

How do we call the percentage of variation in a trait in the population that is caused by variation in genetics?

heritability

How do we call the hypothesis that people become who they are as a consequence of their genetics?

genetic determinism

How dow we call the hypothesis that people become who they are as a consequence of the learning and experiences they've had?

environmentialism

How do we call the resemblance between relatives whose genetic relationship to each other is known?

familial resemblance.

What percentage of their genes is similar with dizygotic, or fraternal, twins?

50%

How do we call the failure to find any of the genes associated with cognitive abilities?

the missing heritability.

How do we call an individual's inherited genetics?

the genotype.

How do we call the result of appearance from interaction of the expressed genotype and the environment?

phenotype

How do we call a genetic mutation that results in severe mental retardation and learning difficulties?

phenylketonuria

How do we call a collections of lung disorders such as emphysema, bronchitis and airflow obstruction?

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

How do we call the building blocks of the fat in our body, and the food we eat?

fatty acids

When is natural or survival selection the motor of evolution?

when there's a predator in the same territory

What are the properties of heredity?

  • measures variance, not a biological mechanism
  • changing over populations and time
  • measures at a population level, not an individual level.

How do we call someone that remains stable for a trait under whatever circumstances they'll be put in?

dandelions

How do we call someone that are vulnerable under negative conditions, but excel under positive conditions for a trait?

orchid.

What does the orchid dandelion founding tells us about how genes interact with the environment?

genes don't really give us personality traits. they equip us to be vulnerable or stable under the influence of the environment we grow up to in to develop a trait or not

How do we call changes in developmental functions of a child that are the result from a changing environment?

environmental drift

How do we call the increase in average IQ test scores over generations?

the Flynn effect

How do we call a condition where people's diet does not contain the right amount of nutrients?

malnutrition

How do we call the minimum level of income deemed adequate in a particular country?

poverty

How do we call a method of epigenetics where a methyl-molecule binds to a DNA molecule to express it or inhibit it?

methylation

What is the final statement about nature-nurture?

nature requires nurture

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