Gene interactions

25 important questions on Gene interactions

A situation in which a heterozygote shows the phenotypic effects of both alleles equally.

Codominance

Production of wild-type phenotype when two full or partial haploid genomes are united in the same cell

Complementation

A test for determining whether two mutations are in different genes (they complement) or the same gene (they do not complement).

Complementation test
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A mutant allele that in single dose (a heterozygote) wipes out gene function by a spoiler effect on the protein.

Dominant negative mutation

A situation in which the differential phenotypic expression of a genotype at one locus depends on the genotype at another locus; a mutation that exerts its expression while canceling the expression of the alleles of another gene.

Epistasis

The degree to which a particular genotype is expressed in the phenotype.

Expressivity

Describes an allele that expresses itself the same in single copy (heterozygote) as in double copy (homozygote).

Full dominance; complete dominance

An RNA type that plays a role without being translated.

Functional RNA

A culture of cells composed of two different nuclear types in a common cytoplasm.

Heterokaryon

A situation in which a heterozygote shows a phenotype quantitatively (but not exactly) intermediate between the corresponding homozygote phenotypes. (Exact intermediacy means no dominance.)

Incomplete dominance

An allele whose expression results in the death of the individual organism expressing it.

Lethal allele

A mutation at a second locus that changes the degree of expression of a mutated gene at a first locus.

Modifier

The set of forms of one gene, differing in their DNA sequence or expression or both.

Multiple alleles

A mid-twentiethcentury hypothesis that originally proposed that each gene (nucleotide sequence) encodes a polypeptide sequence; generally true, with the exception of untranslated functional RNA.

One-gene-one-polypeptide hypothesis

The proportion of individuals with a specific genotype that manifest that genotype at the phenotype level.

Penetrance

The temperature at which a temperature-sensitive mutant allele is expressed the same as the wild-type allele.

Permissive temperature

An allele that affects several different properties of an organism.

Pleiotropic allele

The temperature at which a temperature-sensitive mutation expresses the mutant phenotype.

Restrictive temperature

An allele with wild-type function arising by the mutation of a mutant allele; caused either by a complete reversal of the original event or by a compensatory second-site mutation.

Revertant

A secondary mutation that can cancel the effect of a primary mutation, resulting in wild-type phenotype.

Suppressor

Refers to a double mutant that is lethal, whereas the component single mutations are not.

Synthetic lethal

A conditional mutation that produces the mutant phenotype in one temperature range and the wild-type phenotype in another temperature range.

Temperature-sensitive mutation

Gene interactions can be classified into two categories:

  1. Between alleles of one locus, broadly speaking variations on dominance.
  2. Between two or more loci. These interactions reveal the number and types of genes in the overall program underlying a particular biological function.

Can a recessive allele be sublethal?

Yes, if the lethality is expressed in only some but not all of the homozygous individuals. Lethality may range from 0 to 100 percent, depending on the gene itself, the rest of the genome, and the environment.

The 9:3:3:1 ratio: yes/no gene interaction

No

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