Large-scale chromosomal changes
50 important questions on Large-scale chromosomal changes
A chromosome having no centromere.
In a reciprocal translocation, the passage of a translocated and a normal chromosome to each of the poles.
An allopolyploid; a polyploid formed from the union of two separate chromosome sets and their subsequent doubling.
- Higher grades + faster learning
- Never study anything twice
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
For my 1st exam I got a C. Then, I started looking for ways to learn better and I came across Study Smart. Since then I have scored a A+, A, A- and another A. I highly recommend it to everyone who wants to hear it. I am so happy with it!!
I was struggling to finish all my first-year subjects for 3 years. Then I discovered Study Smart, which helped me to finish all of them within 3 months.
Because of StudySmart, things are going well in many ways. Before, I always had study stress and no time for anything. Now I feel calm and confident (because of the program). I used to score a B, now I usually score an A or A+.
Hey Chris, I really want to thank you very much for developing the platform, I usually got around C for my exams, now I scored an A+, an A and a A- !!
Since using Study Smart, my average has increased significantly. I even completed a statistics course with a A+ while I'm bad at statistics. I took on extra courses this year, because of Study Smart. Thanks so much!
Ever since I started studying with StudySmart I passed all my exams !!! No more re-sits!! At first, I was happy with a pass and now I only get good grades. Many thanks!
I aced all the courses I studied with Study Smart. For law, I first scored a D, and now an A! I’m 100% sure that I’ll pass all the courses I study with Study Smart.
I always thought I studied well. My grades were fine. I could never have imagined that applying these study skills would have such a huge and direct impact on my grades, my speed and the pleasure I have in learning.
For the first time, I finally feel totally confident about the way I learn. I have the perfect overview and make great progress in terms of speed and the grades I get. Thanks, Chris!
I immediately started to enjoy learning again, and my grades soared. All of a sudden, everything went better. I highly recommend Study Smart to all students..
Being able to create my materials online made the process of studying so much smoother and quicker. I no longer have to spend a huge amount of my time on creating my summaries.
At first, my notes were a mess. Now I use Study Smart to take my notes in a perfectly structured way. It helps me to save a lot of time and do other things I enjoy.
Students that study with Study Smart get better grades. The system applies all the learning methods in such a way that both well-performing students and students who struggle perform much better.
Hi Chris, I would like to thank you very much. Last year I scored C on a course, and this year I got an A+ thanks to your method! Thank you very much!
The largest effect is that my child is more enthusiastic about school! Every parent wants their children to be happy at school, Study Smart made it happen.
In high school, I failed several exams, and that has really changed now. I actually needed this tool very much back then. Since I started studying with StudySmart, I haven't had any D's. My average score is now an A and those are results I would have never had in the past
With my old method, I passed only 3 out of 8 courses. Since I started taking my notes digitally in Study Smart, I have passed all my courses on the first try. For me, StudySmart takes away the stress of wondering if I will pass or not.
Thanks to StudySmart, I passed all my exams, and with better grades than before! On top of that, I have mastered a very good study method now, which I am confident will help me earn my degree.
In a reciprocal translocation, the passage of both normal chromosomes to one pole and both translocated chromosomes to the other pole.
A genome having a chromosome number that differs from the normal chromosome number for the species by a small number of chromosomes.
Polyploid formed from the doubling of a single genome.
A change in the chromosomal gene order that does not remove or duplicate any DNA. The two classes of balanced rearrangements are inversions and reciprocal translocations.
A chromosome with multiple inversions, used to retain favorable allele combinations in the uninverted homolog.
Two homologous chromosomes paired at meiosis.
Any type of change in chromosome structure or number.
The removal of a chromosomal segment from a chromosome set.
The loop formed at meiosis by the pairing of a normal chromosome and a deletion-containing chromosome.
The use of a set of known deletions to map new recessive mutations by pseudodominance.
In a dicentric chromosome, the segment between centromeres being drawn to opposite poles at nuclear division.
An abnormal haploid carrying two copies of one chromosome.
The process in organisms using a chromosomal sex-determination mechanism (such as XX versus XY) that allows standard structural genes on the sex chromosome to be expressed at the same levels in females and males, regardless of the number of sex chromosomes. In mammals, dosage compensation operates by maintaining only a single active X chromosome in each cell; in Drosophila, it operates by hyperactivating the male X chromosome.
An abnormal human phenotype, including mental retardation, due to a trisomy of chromosome 21; more common in babies born to older mothers.
A small dividing mass of monoploid cells, produced from a cell destined to become a pollen cell by exposing it to cold.
A cell having any number of complete chromosome sets or an individual organism composed of such cells.
The idea that a normal phenotype requires a 1:1 relative proportion of genes in the genome.
(1) Proportionality of the expression of some biological function to the number of copies of an allele present in the cell. (2) A change in phenotype caused by an abnormal number of wild-type alleles (observed in chromosomal mutations).
The total set of deleterious alleles in an individual genotype.
Partly homologous chromosomes, usually indicating some original ancestral homology.
A duplication in which the extra copy is not adjacent to the normal one.
A deletion within a gene.
A chromosomal mutation consisting of the removal of a chromosome segment, its rotation through 180°, and its reinsertion in the same location.
A diploid with a normal and an inverted homolog.
A loop formed by meiotic pairing of homologs in an inversion heterozygote.
An abnormal human male phenotype due to an extra X chromosome (XXY).
A cell having only one chromosome set (usually as an aberration) or an organism composed of such cells.
A cell or individual organism that is basically diploid but has only one copy of one particular chromosome type and thus has chromosome number 2n + 1.
A deletion of several adjacent genes.
Crossing over between short homologous units found at different chromosomal loci.
The failure of homologs (at meiosis) or sister chromatids (at mitosis) to separate properly to opposite poles.
An individual organism with five sets of chromosomes.
A giant chromosome in specific tissues of some insects, produced by an endomitotic process in which the multiple DNA sets remain bound in a haploid number of chromosomes.
Variegation caused by the inactivation of a gene in some cells through its abnormal juxtaposition with heterochromatin.
The sudden appearance of a recessive phenotype in a pedigree, due to the deletion of a masking dominant gene.
The appearance of linkage of two genes on translocated chromosomes.
The production of abnormal chromosomes by the breakage and incorrect rejoining of chromosomal segments; examples are inversions, deletions, and translocations.
Presence of two or more large nontandem repeats.
The phenotype of an organism heterozygotic for certain types of chromosome aberration; expressed as a reduced number of viable gametes and hence reduced fertility
Adjacent identical chromosome segments.
The relocation of a chromosomal segment to a different position in the genome.
Basically a diploid with an extra chromosome of one type, producing a chromosome number of the form 2n + 1.
Refers to the meiotic pairing arrangement of three homologs in a triploid or trisomic.
An abnormal human female phenotype produced by the presence of only one X chromosome (XO).
A rearrangement in which chromosomal material is gained or lost in one chromosome set
A single unpaired meiotic chromosome, as is often found in trisomics and triploids
Can gene mutations be detected microsopically? And cromosome mutations?
Yes, many chromosome mutations can be detected by microscopy, by genetic or molecular analysis, or by a combination of all techniques.
The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:
- A unique study and practice tool
- Never study anything twice again
- Get the grades you hope for
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
