Social influence - Deliberate social influence - The influence of numerical majorities and minorities
15 important questions on Social influence - Deliberate social influence - The influence of numerical majorities and minorities
What phenomenon occurs when there is talk of a minority influence (innovation) in a group of people?
What phenomenon occurs when there is talk of a majority influence (conformity) in a group of people?
(Majority influences minority)
When do people conform - what 4 factors have been found to influence the level of conformity?
(Think: group, answers, feelings, context)
- Group size
- Unanimity
- Social support
- Culture
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Which of the 4 factors that cause conformity is the most important one: group size, unanimity, social support, or culture?
(collectivistic vs individualistic cultures)
What three main reasons can be the cause for a person to conform to a group consensus? (Think: see, positive, self)
- Believe that they now see things more accurately
- Gain approval and acceptance of positively-viewed others
- Avoid a self-concept as different, deviant, or refusing to compromise
What does the minority need to make the majority overcome its inclination to reject the deviant minority, and convince them of their position?
In the 'conversion theory' the processes and outcomes of influence because of conflict are different depending on whether the source of conflict is a majority or minority. What happens with the public influence and the private influence in relation to the minority, when the source is the majority?
Private influence: minority doesn't show a significant change in their original position
In the 'conversion theory' the processes and outcomes of influence because of conflict are different depending on whether the source of conflict is a majority or minority. Minority influence leads to which of these two processes in the majority: comparison or validation - what type of process is this?
In the 'conversion theory' the processes and outcomes of influence because of conflict are different depending on whether the source of conflict is a majority or minority. What happens with the public influence and the private influence in the majority, when the source is the minority?
Private influence: conversion on a private level
What change happens to a member of a group on a private level, when conversion occurs, and how is this caused?
EX: a majority member experiences conversion on a private level after minority influence induced a validation process where they sought to understand the minority's position
A change in private response after exposure to influence by others
(A change concerning the way in which a person structures an aspect of reality)
What does the conversion caused by the cognitive processing of a minority message via minority influence mean for a majority person's attitude, considering that the target is unlikely to agree in public to avoid being labelled deviant?
Which one has been shown to be more influential than the other on direct attitude (change): majority or minority influence? And on indirect attitude (change)?
EX: influence = exposure to minority/majority opinion that is pro abortion;
direct attitude = stance on abortion
indirect attitude = stance on birth-control (which is indirectly related to abortion)
Indirect attitude = minority influence
What does the social categorization theory argue about what identification with the source causes minority influence to occur?
Meaning: how positive someone feels about membership of (the source) group
What process does the self-categorization theory say forms social identity and brings out various group and intergroup behaviors?
EX:
Group behaviors: group polarization, majority-minority influence
Intergroup behavior: intergroup discrimination
What is the name of the form of social influence where individuals identify with a particular group and conform to a prototypical group position (=individual representations of group norms formed by social comparisons that maximize the perceived difference between groups), which (in polarization) may take on a more extreme stance than the average group member's original position before conforming?
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