Courtroom - PowerPoint
7 important questions on Courtroom - PowerPoint
What are the stages of Penal Case Law? Where does the psychologist come in?
Psychologist comes in at the facts, police, defense, prosecutor
What is the signal detection theory of the decision of guilt?
Miss
False alarm
Correct rejection
Presumption of innocence: onschuldig tot het tegendeel bewezen is
What are sources of error in eye witnesses?
- Poor memory performance
- Questions/Interrogation method
- Line-up:
- Prepetrator in line up?
- Portait fits description?
- Influence of position?
- Circumstances of encoding?
- Instruction
- Post event information
- Dead -> forcefully push; not dead -> push
- The Misinformation effect
- Incorportating misleading information into one's memory of an event (Loftus)
- Perceiving causality
- Responsibility/accountability
- Did the suspect not/partially/cause fact
- Relevance of fact for guilt decision
- Ambiguous
- Interpreted in hindsight
- Subject to suggestion and manipulation
- Higher grades + faster learning
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What are cues of causality?
- Precedence: cause precedes effect
- Contingency in time and space
- Congruency of cause and consequence: causes and effects are of similar kind Major-event-major-cause heuristic
- No alternative explanation available
What are biases in perceived causality?
- Affective analysis precedes rational analysis
- Witness 'see' guilt (affective) before they 'see' the push (fact)
- Memory of cause is adjusted to the impact of the effect (tramp dies, files complain, evaluation of blame and remembered physical event)
What are sources of error in child's testimony of sexual abuse after divorce and custody disagreement?
- Victim’s testimony is only evidence – often no other evidence
- Prior odds regarding false allegations of abuse (Custody dispute: 30-50% false allogations instead of 8%)
- Not intentional, but assumption of guilt
- Mother is protective and doesn't see what happens at fathers house
What are sources of error in the child's testimony
- Questions
- Child friendly studio, videotaped
- Only interviewer and child
- Good contact, I don't know is ok
- Tells story without interruption
- Neutral and critical interviewer attitude
- Open questions
- Only facts; no interpretations
- Misinterpreting answers
- Criteria Based Content Analysis
- Untructured +
- Details, numer and unusual +
- Contextual embedding +
- Reproduction of speech -
- Self deprecation (guilty) +
- Consistency over time and across multiple testimonies +
- Post event information
- Repeated questioning by parent, therapists, doctors
- Feedback from school; peers; sexual connotation
- Evaluative remarks (“Daddy should not do that”)
- Collaborative story telling
- Early affective analysis
- Affective analysis of first observations by parent affects subsequent observations
- Child receives emotional feedback on his nonemotional information
- Child associates his information with emotion of parent
- Reports this emotional information
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