Summary: Archaeological Theory
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Read the summary and the most important questions on Archaeological Theory
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1 Induction - Deduction - Abduction
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What is the difference between deduction and induction?
Deduction: the conclusion is certain
Induction: the conclusion is probable -
What are the views of Popper?
- You can
falsify a conviction by doing one observation
criticized for this veryatomistic approach to knowledge.- ''Doing science is about having one proposition and one state of affairs in reality and then is it
falsified orcorroborated''
- You can
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What were critiques on Popper?
- There are many ways of reasoning around a
falsification - Falsification is never a
one-on -one thing (one proposition and one state of affairs) - It is a
holistic thing = a body of knowledge - There is always a
tinkering somewhere in this body of knowledge
- There are many ways of reasoning around a
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With what concepts does abduction deal?
- Equifinality
- Underdetermination
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2 Archaeological observation is theory-laden
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What is the problem of induction?
- There is no complete certainty that the next time the result is the same
- The truth is hard to come by - Popper
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Who had the logical positivism view?
Hume -
Who's view is an example of a relativism view?
Kuhn -
What makes the many paradigms stronger? (present-day view)
- All the paradigms come across corroboration and falsifications of their predictions and they handle this corroboration -> make them stronger
- Falsifications can make them weaker but there is no such thing as instant reality or instant falsification
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What is the critique on the view of Putnam?
- Too naïve
- Too atomistic
- Too holistic
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A holistic, constructive, moderately realist, pluralist view of archaeological research (present day view?)
- The specific paradigm not only defines the
meaning of terms, but also what is considered to be: - A solid argument
- A good reason to revise a view
- Reliable
empirical evidence - What the subject matter of the particular discipline should be in the first place
- The specific paradigm not only defines the
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