Early thinking and New Archaeology
16 important questions on Early thinking and New Archaeology
What are characteristics of the transition to New Archaeology?
- Line of argument building will become more responsible in terms of how it comes to a conclusion
- Meaning of responsible: line of argument building will show more accountability, effectively done by the notion of process; processual archaeology
What method does New Archaeology follow?
- The theoretical narrative that you have, makes the path that you walk down towards your insights, theoretical accountable
- Theoretical accountability needs to:
- Be transparent
- Connect with existing practices in archaeology
- Make logical sense
What theory does New Archaeology follow?
- Discussion of the ongoing process that is happening in archaeology
- Explicit assumptions (Clear and detailed hypotheses)
- Theory generates the questions
- Method and theory is about critically analysing your archaeological assumptions
- Higher grades + faster learning
- Never study anything twice
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
For my 1st exam I got a C. Then, I started looking for ways to learn better and I came across Study Smart. Since then I have scored a A+, A, A- and another A. I highly recommend it to everyone who wants to hear it. I am so happy with it!!
I was struggling to finish all my first-year subjects for 3 years. Then I discovered Study Smart, which helped me to finish all of them within 3 months.
Because of StudySmart, things are going well in many ways. Before, I always had study stress and no time for anything. Now I feel calm and confident (because of the program). I used to score a B, now I usually score an A or A+.
Hey Chris, I really want to thank you very much for developing the platform, I usually got around C for my exams, now I scored an A+, an A and a A- !!
Since using Study Smart, my average has increased significantly. I even completed a statistics course with a A+ while I'm bad at statistics. I took on extra courses this year, because of Study Smart. Thanks so much!
Ever since I started studying with StudySmart I passed all my exams !!! No more re-sits!! At first, I was happy with a pass and now I only get good grades. Many thanks!
I aced all the courses I studied with Study Smart. For law, I first scored a D, and now an A! I’m 100% sure that I’ll pass all the courses I study with Study Smart.
I always thought I studied well. My grades were fine. I could never have imagined that applying these study skills would have such a huge and direct impact on my grades, my speed and the pleasure I have in learning.
For the first time, I finally feel totally confident about the way I learn. I have the perfect overview and make great progress in terms of speed and the grades I get. Thanks, Chris!
I immediately started to enjoy learning again, and my grades soared. All of a sudden, everything went better. I highly recommend Study Smart to all students..
Being able to create my materials online made the process of studying so much smoother and quicker. I no longer have to spend a huge amount of my time on creating my summaries.
At first, my notes were a mess. Now I use Study Smart to take my notes in a perfectly structured way. It helps me to save a lot of time and do other things I enjoy.
Students that study with Study Smart get better grades. The system applies all the learning methods in such a way that both well-performing students and students who struggle perform much better.
Hi Chris, I would like to thank you very much. Last year I scored C on a course, and this year I got an A+ thanks to your method! Thank you very much!
The largest effect is that my child is more enthusiastic about school! Every parent wants their children to be happy at school, Study Smart made it happen.
In high school, I failed several exams, and that has really changed now. I actually needed this tool very much back then. Since I started studying with StudySmart, I haven't had any D's. My average score is now an A and those are results I would have never had in the past
With my old method, I passed only 3 out of 8 courses. Since I started taking my notes digitally in Study Smart, I have passed all my courses on the first try. For me, StudySmart takes away the stress of wondering if I will pass or not.
Thanks to StudySmart, I passed all my exams, and with better grades than before! On top of that, I have mastered a very good study method now, which I am confident will help me earn my degree.
Fluid area interaction (culture areas, cultural history)
- Traits flowing & rippling from culture to culture
- Cultural influences, change and the formation and demise of cultures were deemed to flow from cultural centers outwards
- Totality of traits seen as ‘archaeological cultures’
- Seek particularities instead of similarities across cultures
By what movement where culture areas and fluid area interactions criticized?
- Criticized by New Archaeology
- Trying to understand cultural change was insufficient (niet voldoende)
- Defective argument building (gebrekkig beargumenteerd)
What came instead of culture areas and fluid area interactions? Who invented this?
Picked a natural feature as a focus for study
What does Flannery say about how culture historians treat culture?
- Treat culture as a body of shared ideas, values, and beliefs = the norms of a human group
- Members of a culture are committed to these norms in different degrees -> norm is a bell-shaped curve of opinions on how to behave
- Members of a culture are committed to these norms in different degrees -> norm is a bell-shaped curve of opinions on how to behave
- Artifacts are viewed as products of these shared idea -> range of variation that takes the form of a bell shaped curve
What is the principle feature for cultural historical analysis?
What is a strong pre-occupation of culture history?
Culture history and spatial location
- Where do we draw boundaries?
- Where do we see one cultural unit slip into another one?
- Where does that happen?
- Is it a natural feature that divorces two cultural units?
Culture history and statigraphy position
-> to get a better grasp
Culture history and types
What does culture history mean with styles bleed?
How does culture history explain cultures becoming more similair?
Not spatial but temporal distribution (verspreiding) -> uptake (opname) cultural traits
What was critique on cultural history?
- Problem of implicit reasoning = verklaringen/uitspraken worden als vanzelfsprekend beschouwd, niet beargumenteerd
- Limitations normative view = the ideas that culture areas were bound together by values, ideas shared norms -> critique: insufficient to understand cultural change and how do we deploy this in archaeological understanding
- Gave rise to ‘New Archaeology’
Who critiqued culture history?
The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:
- A unique study and practice tool
- Never study anything twice again
- Get the grades you hope for
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
