Rome: 1510-1600

11 important questions on Rome: 1510-1600

What did Raphael base his School of Athens on and which (and whose) techniques did he use?

He based it on the Basilica of Maxentius (even though that was Roman, but Raphael didn't know the difference) and Masaccio's Holy Trinity.
The technique he used was central perspective, invented by Masaccio, Ghiberti and Donatello in 1425.

Who was Michelangelo's greatest rival and what did he do?

That was Raphael, and according to legend, while Michelangelo was working on the Sistine Chapel, Raphael was painting the Vatican. Raphael sneaked into the Sistine Chapel to see what Michelangelo had made to try to surpass that.

Which techniques allowed for copies of paintings?

Copper engraving and printing, invented in 1470.
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What did Raphael do to make the stories he painted seem more important?

He added contemporary figures (like Leo X instead of Leo the Great) and he based his heroic tales on Biblical stories (like Attila the Hun as St. Paul).

What does Raphael's Sala di Costatino show?

How Emperor Constantine hands over the keys of the city to the Pope, to show the Pope's absolute power. However, this never happened and it hurt the Pope's reputation when it came out.

What did Pope Paul III do to revive Rome's Golden Age?

He ordered the construction of the St. Peter's Chapel.

Who were the architects who designed the St. Peter's Chapel?

- Donato Bramante (1505)
- Antonio da Sangallo  (1534)
- Michelangelo (1546)

What did Michelangelo change about the design of the St. Peter's?

He took out the anterior walls and focussed on centrality by opening up the inside of the church. He made the floorplan more square and created a bigger cupula. His main point was unity.

How important was Bramante's design of the St. Peter's?

Very, because it forced all later architects to work with the four crossing piers in the centre, or the stability would be lost.

What was the main difference between the construction of a Gothic and a Renaissance church?

A Gothic church was built bay by bay, not so much with a plan, and could easily be changed therefore. A Renaissance church was built by plan and mathematical principles and proportions.

On which painting did Titian base his Pope Paul III and two Grandsons?

On Raphael's Pope Leo X and two Cardinals.

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