Ravasi: Responding to organizational identity threats: exploring the role of organizational culture

15 important questions on Ravasi: Responding to organizational identity threats: exploring the role of organizational culture

Ravasi presents a longitudinal study of organizational responses to environmental changes that induce members to question aspects of their organization's identity. What are the findings of this study? And what is developed?

1. They highlight the role of organizational culture as a source of cues supporting sensemaking action carried out by leaders as they reevaluate their conceptualization of their organization, and as a platform for sensegiving actions aimed at affecting internal perceptions.
2. Ravasi developed a theoretical framework for understanding how the interplay of construed images and organizational culture shapes changes in institutional claims and shared understandings about the identity of an organization.

The broad scope of Ravasi's study helped to link constructs such as identity claims, construed external images, organizational culture, desired external images and desired identity. What is examined?

How the interaction of those constructs may change members' understandings about central and distinctive attributes of an organization. The conceptual framework that emerged, connects various identity-related constructs and processed, and it provides a broad framework for understanding how the interaction between external stimuli and internal sensemaking and sensegiving processes drives organizational dynamics.

Which two lines thought on organizational identity? (Ravasi)

1. Social actor perspective
2 Social constructivist perspective
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Summarize the thoughts of the social actor perspective (Ravasi)?

It emphasizes that organizational identity resides in a set of institutional claims (exactly stated views of what an organization is and represents) that are expected to influence its members' perceptions of the organization, providing them with legitimate and consistent narratives that allow them to construct a collective sense of self.

Explain what organizational identities do according to Ravasi:

-They help members to make sense of what they do as defined by tacit cultural norms and manifested in visible and tangible artifacts in relation to their understanding of what their organization is.
-The provide the context within which members interpret and assign profound meaning to surface-level behavior. Taking the idea that organizational culture acts as a context for sensemaking efforts.

Repeat the 5 organizational responses on identity threat (Ravasi)

1. Construing external images (who do others see us?)
2. Reflecting on cultural practices and artifacts (how do we see ourselves?)
3. Revision of identity claims (how do we want others to see us now?)
4. Projecting desired images (example: developing new slogans)
5. Embedding claims in organizational culture (new identity is cultivated within the organization through f.e. seminars).

The study of Ravasi explored organizational responses to environmental changes and shifting external representation that induced members to reflect on their organization's recent and prospective course of action to ask: what is this organization really about? What do the findings of Ravasi highlight?

1. The influence of organizational culture on the redefinition of members' colelctive self-perceptions
2. Organizational culture as a central construct in understanding the evolution of organizational identities in the face of environmental changes.
3. The role of culture in preserving a sense of distinctiveness and continuity as organizational identity is subjected to explicit reevaluation.

Describe step 5: embedding claims in organizational culture (Ravasi)

Projected images seemed to serve purpose of energizing members and stimulating a reconceptualization of the organization, but top managers turned once again to the organization's culture to imbue (doordringen) revised identity claims with meaning to facilitate interpretation of the new claims and illustrate their implications for action.

Describe stage 4: projecting desired images (Ravasi)

Image-related actions were formally aimed at influencing external stakeholders perceptions of the organization and primarily targeted subjects, whose construed perceptions were not aligned with internal beliefs and aspirations. Thus: the attempt to leave favorable impressions on external audiences in order to realign internal beliefs and aspirations with external perceptions.

Describe stage 2: reflecting on cultural practices and artifacts and stage 3: revision of identity claims (Ravasi)

2: Members seemed to assign a considerable importance to 'cultural heritage' of the organizations. The outcome of the sensemaking process was the revision of the official identity claims summarizing what top managers perceived as central and distinctive features of the organization.
3: The revision as is the manifestation of adjustments in the shared understanding of organizational leaders. The reformulation of identity claims was then followed by a sensegiving phase.

Describe stage 1: construing external images: (Ravasi)

It is the members' perception of how their organization is perceived externally: serve as a gauge (graadmeter) against which members evaluate organizational action. Evidence from Ravasi confirmed the influence of construed external images on identity dynamics.

According to Ravasi both perspectives (social actor and social constructionist) are important. What is the main difference between them?

Between who members say they are (identity claims) and who they believe they are (identity understandings). Identities may change, but members are likely to reject new conceptualizations that they perceive as incoherent.

Explain how the social constructionist perspective sees organizational identity (Ravasi)

Organizational identity: collective understandings
1. Central and relatively permanent organizational features, that distinguish the organization from others
2. Shared interpretive schemes that members collectively construct in order to provide meaning to their experience
3. Sensemaking: substantial organizational changes tend to require alteration in the way members interpret what is central and distinctive about their organization: develop new interpretations of what their organization is about.

Describe the difference between the institutional view and the collective view? (Ravasi)

-Institutional: social actor perspective. Focus on discursive resources or identity claims, available for organizational members to use to construct a sense of collective self, implying that the former will influence the latter.
-Collective: social constructionist view. Concentrate on shared emergent beliefs about central and distinctive features of an organization what we could call: identity understandings.

What is organizational culture? (Ravasi)

A set of shared mental assumptions that guide interpretation and action in organizations by defining appropriate behavior for various situations.

Tacit assumptions and beliefs, expressed in a web of (in)formal practices and of visual/verbal/material artifacts, which represent the most visible, tangible and audible elements of the culture of an organization.

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