Clarke, J. (2011), Revitalizing Entrepreneurship: How Visual Symbols are Used in Entrepreneurial Performances

23 important questions on Clarke, J. (2011), Revitalizing Entrepreneurship: How Visual Symbols are Used in Entrepreneurial Performances

What does this paper demonstrate?

How entrepreneurs use visual symbols to:
  • Present an appropriate scene to stakeholders
  • Create professional identity and emphasize control
  • Regulate emotions

What types of visual symbols are used by the entrepreneurs?

  • Setting
  • Props
  • Dress
  • Expressiveness

Which question does this paper address?

How do entrepreneurs justify new ventures in such a way that they acquire institutional legitimacy and necessary resources for venture growth despite lacking a proven track record, obvious asset value, and profitability?
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Which perspective is used in this paper?

Impression management perspective: the packaging of information in order to lead target audiences to desired conclusions

When can such performances or interactios be effective?

If visual symbols are employed alongside verbal articulations to create a compelling and convincing rationale that accounts for the venture's existence

Why are entrepreneurs likely to face problems in assessing financial, material, and human resources with regard to their entrepreneurial ideas than more established organizations?

Because of the liabilities of newness. Resource providers are likely to be reluctant to become part of any novel or unorthodox undertaking for which there is no evidence that their efforts will be rewarded

Which symbols legitimize entrepreneurial ventures?

  • Prior education
  • The caliber of the entrepreneur and the founding team
  • The alignment of new ventures with traditional understanding of organizational forms
  • Use of rational business planning techniques
  • Certificates and endorsements

Through which two different kinds of activities have individuals the capacity to manage other's impressions?

  1. The expression that they give, which may be seen to be rooted in the language they use
  2. The expression they give off, which relates to non-linguistic or visual aspects of this process

What does social competence encompass?

The ability to correctly gauge the current moods or emotions of others, proficiency in inducing positive reactions in others by enhancing one’s own appearance and image (i.e. impression management), effectiveness in persuasion, and the ability to adjust to a range of social situations with a range of individuals

What does this study examine?

  • What types of visual symbols entrepreneurs employ
  • How entrepreneurs use these visual symbols during performances to stakeholders
  • Entrepreneurs’ perceptions of their use of visual symbols in order to obtain more comprehensive and detailed insight into the process of strategic legitimation.

Which six processes emerged?

  1. Concealment of setting
  2. Exposure to setting
  3. Wearing of business dress
  4. Adapting dress to audience
  5. Controlling personal expressiveness
  6. Managing stakeholders' emotions

Which three functions of visual symbols emerged?

  1. Presenting an appropriate scene to stakeholders
  2. Creating professional identity and emphasizing control
  3. Regulating emotions 

Which four symbolic categories revealed?

  1. Setting
  2. Props
  3. Dress
  4. Expressiveness

What are the visual symbols of setting?

  • Office furniture
  • Office space
  • Office arrangement
  • External surroundings

What are the visual symbols of props?

  • Pictures/paintings
  • Displays of prototypes
  • Framed patents/historical documents
  • High-status vehicles  

What are the visual symbols of dress?

  • Entrepreneur dress
  • Formal/informal
  • Impact of audience 

What are the visual symbols of expressiveness?

Visually conveying emotions or thoughts through body or facial movements

What processes follow presenting appropriate scene to stakeholders?

  • Concealment
  • Exposure

What processes follow creating professional identity and emphasizing control?

  • Wearing of business dress
  • Adapting dress to audience

Why do entrepreneurs also wear dress?

As well as using business-dress to create a professional identity, they also used dress to affirm to themselves and others that they could control the venture: the entrepreneurs’ belief in their personal control was heightened.

Why adapting dress to audience?

To present themselves effectively to different audiences, create alternative identities, and maintain control.

Why controlling expressiveness?

The need to ensure that any emotional expressiveness on the part of the entrepreneur is in line with the other aspects of the performance. The entrepreneurs tried to ensure that they visually expressed suitable emotional signals and silenced any compulsion to convey misleading emotions that might detract from the performance.

What about managing stakeholders' emotions?

The entrepreneurs not only attempted to control their own expressiveness but also tried to manage the emotions of stakeholders during interactions.

The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:

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