Gulati et al. (2000) "Strategic networks
53 important questions on Gulati et al. (2000) "Strategic networks
Why is the location of firms in interfirm networks an important element of competition?
What is the difference between a transaction cost perspective and a network approach?
What are the five traditional sources of differential returns to films in strategy research?
- Industry structure - including the degree of competition and barriers to entry
- Positioning within an industry - including strategic groups and barriers to mobility
- Inimitable firm resources and capabilities
- Contracting and coordinating costs
- Dynamic and path dependent constraints and benefits
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What did the industrial organization school begin with?
What did they argue (organization school)?
Why do the authors propose that a consideration of strategic networks allows a more refined understanding of industry structure?
What can such networks influence?
Which three types of relational characteristics are considered to illustrate the implications of viewing the industry level of analysis from a network perspective?
- Network structure
- Network membership
- Tie modality
Where does network structure refer to?
What do the authors mean with network membership?
What is tie modality?
What does network membership influence?
How do the authors consider tie modalities at the level of ties that form the network?
How may collusion be facilitated?
How can the set of tie characteristics be applied to explain industry profitability?
What do the set of traditional strategy models recognize with regard to the intra-industry structure?
On which bases can strategic groups be identified?
- Similarities in firm scale
- Similarity of products and services in terms of price, features, and quality
- Similarity in technology
- Similarity in customers served
How can strategic groups be identified?
What would be a more interesting approach to use firm interactions and identify relationships?
What are cliques or blocks?
What is another way to think about networks and intra-industry structure?
Which may impede the movement of firms within an industry?
Thus, how can networks serve?
What does a network perspective highlight?
What has the resource-based view (RBV0 of the firm emphasized?
Where can a firm's network be though of?
- As an creating inimitable and non-substitutable value (and constraint!)
- As an inimitable resource by itself
- As a means to access inimitable resources and capabilities
Where does a firm's network allow access to?
Why is it difficult for competitors to imitate or substitute?
How are resources accessed by themselves?
What is the key idea of the network as a resource?
What renders the network inimitable and thus too the information it provides?
What are the other aspects of a focal firm's network of ties that can influence its behavior and performance?
What is network membership as a resource?
What does network membership mean?
In which way is tie modality seen as a resource?
Why can network ties also have a dark side?
What can be a source of strategic advantage?
What is alliance capability?
What is an important implication of the embeddedness of firms in social networks?
Where does the trust between firms refer to?
In which ways do social networks promote trust and reduce transaction costs?
- Networks enable firms to gather superior information on each other
- Network ties are important sources of referrals that enable prospective partners to identify and learn about each other's capabilities
- They can facilitate due diligence so that each partner has greater knowledge about the other's resources and capabilities and greater confidence in their mutual assessments.
How can social networks further mitigate transaction costs?
Why are the costs of opportunistic behavior in a network more costly?
In which two ways can strategic networks create trust?
- Knowledge-based trust resulting from mutual awareness and equity norms
- Deterrence-based trust arising from reputational concerns
Do networks need to be stable or dynamic?
What shaps how networks evolve over time?
What do exogenous forces include?
What happens when networks evolve endogenously?
Which two ways in which a network dynamics can influence competitive advantage enjoyed by the firms in the network are discussed?
- Lock-in effects and lock-out effects
- Learning races
Why do lock-in and lock-out effects occur?
Why may these constraints arise?
- Resource constraints - any actor has limits on the resources it can devote to creating ties
- The expectation the alliance partner may have for fidelity to the alliance - including the exclusion of other partners
At which two levels of analysis can the consequences of learning races be understood?
- Dyad level
- Portfolio level
Which kind of benefits influence the level of competition vs. cooperation in an alliance?
- Private benefits
- Common benefits
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