An evidence-based causal model of panic disorder
19 important questions on An evidence-based causal model of panic disorder
What technique did Emile Coué pioneer for treating anxiety and panic attacks?
- He suggested the mantra "Day by day, in every way, I am getting better and better."
What was the aim of the hypercapnic breathing training?
- Targeted raising carbon dioxide levels.
What method did Johannes Schultz develop for inducing positive expectations?
- This method is aimed at inducing positive expectations to treat anxiety and panic attacks.
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What is one of the common factors in the diversity of effective treatments for psychological disorders, according to Roth (2010)?
- Etiology can only partly validate psychological therapies.
- Falsifiable and non-falsifiable theories may lead to different treatment outcomes.
What outcomes were observed in the patients who received hypercapnic breathing training?
- Raised their carbon dioxide levels effectively.
What practice does Zen Buddhist meditation aim to foster to help manage expectations?
- It involves a nonjudgmental attitude and focuses on the breath.
What did most studies on effective panic therapies involve, as described in the text?
- Complete blinding of therapists and patients is challenging.
- Controlled comparisons served important roles in the studies.
What are the uncertainties regarding hypercapnic breathing training outside training sessions?
What is the common focus in Zen Buddhist and mindfulness meditation practices?
- This focus may displace an expectant mode of thinking.
According to the text, how does psychoanalytic psychotherapy compare to waiting group or muscle relaxation therapy in treating panic disorders?
- Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS) scores improved more with psychoanalytic treatment.
- The effectiveness and mechanisms of psychoanalytic treatments have been questioned.
How do the proposed rationales for hypocalcic and hypercapnic breathing training compare to other evidence?
What does the text suggest about therapies that include positive thinking and images for treating anxiety?
What was compared in the study on reprocessing with eye-movement desensitization?
What were the initial and three-month outcomes of the EMDR study?
- No difference after 3 months, questioning eye movements as key therapy component.
How did muscle relaxation compare to CBT for panic attacks?
- Muscle relaxation's effect on panic anxiety not consistently shown.
What argument does the author make about muscle relaxation in panic attacks?
- Difficulty to verify its effectiveness as a standalone treatment.
What do the successful therapies for anxiety treatment have in common according to the summary?
- Share a common denominator in implicit therapists' rationales.
What is the common mechanism proposed for these therapies, and how might it work?
- Changes immediate expectations, possibly overcoming panic attacks.
What ethical approach is suggested for moving forward with anxiety treatment therapies?
- Focus on positive expectations and practical techniques.
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