Social robot controllers - Robot controllers

10 important questions on Social robot controllers - Robot controllers

What are the three paradigms for controlling a robot?

1. Hierarchical (Sense -> Plan -> Act)
2. Reactive (Sense <> Act)
3. Hybrid deliberate / reactive (Plan <> Sense <> Act)

What is a robot controller?

A computational infrastructure that operates the robot based on its sensory input and its goals in order to produce a motor response that lets the robot behave in its environment autonomously

Define the steps of a hierarchical controller

Sense yields (sub)symbolic representations of environment
Plan is a logic/neural/rule based engine to decide actions
Act drives the robot's motor behaviour
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What was meant by Brooks (1990) when he said Elephants don't play chess?

- Environment continuously changing
- Senses capture analog signals
- behaviour not captured in clear-cut logics
- Actions don't result in discrete changes of environment

What are the physical grounding hypothesis from Brooks (1999)?

- Intelligent systems "must have its representations grounded in the physical world"
- Symbolic representations not necessary (all there is to know is captured by sensing the world)
- Intelligent systems build from bottom-up processes (goals/ desires expressed as physical actions, all knowledge extracted from physical sensors

Brooks (1990) was presenting a Reactive controller, how does this work?

Sensors produce continuous signals that, after some modulations (e.g., a filter) can drive the robot's motor behaviour to act

What was the subsumption architecture Brooks (1986) was purposing?

- Reactive processes organised in parallel levels of competences (higher level compentences are more desired, lower level competences are more essential to remain viable.
- Higher levels subsume (ie. Include) the lower levels

What did the layers of control of subsumption architecture look like?

- Different levels of sonsorimotor processes organised hierarchically in Augmented finite state machine
- Higher levels can subsume the lower levels

How does the Hybrid controller acts?

Plan generates deliberate policy to modulate reactive sense-act process based on (sub)symbolic reasoning (eg. Trough expert systems)

What paradigm for controlling a robot is used for cognitive robotics (Embodied AI) ?

Hybrid control (Plan <> (Sense <> Act)

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