Additives 1 and

4 important questions on Additives 1 and

How many additives in the world? How many allowed in EU?

- 700 in the world
- 350 in the EU 'E numbers'
- EU has the most strict regulations 
- US no regulations

What is the most widely used additive E-numbers?

Citric Acid (E330-34)

What are the most widely used preservatives in food?

  • Sugar, salt
  • gases (additives)
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How is the safety determined?

- Toxicity in chemical model systems
- Toxicity in biological model systems (cell lines)
- Toxicity in (a number of) test animals
- Determine the No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) based on most sensitive comparable animal (50g/kg bw/day during whole life)
- Correction NOAEL for difference between man and animal
- Correction NOAEL for difference between people
- Corrected NOAL is ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake)
- Convert ADI to maximum dose in products, including naturally occurring concentrations
- Adjust maximum dose for certain population groups
- Exclude for certain population groups

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