Guest speakers: consuming behavior and ING

23 important questions on Guest speakers: consuming behavior and ING

What beliefs about water sources rely on material superiority and what does this superiority mean?

Instrumental beliefs; it is where food or water that is seen as 'natural' is considered to have superior sensory traits (think that the contamination risk is low because of this)

What beliefs about water sources rely on originality of natural products and what does this mean?

Ideational beliefs; it means that natural products are in their original state and thus intact from human interference, which is considered superior.

So: as long as there is no human interference, nothing is on the hand

Name the two normative norms that influence well maintenance

- Social norms: social expectation that guides behavior
- Personal norms: refer to internal standards of behavior and feelings of obligation to certain behavior
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What are the four motivations that people use to deny that they have to clean their freaking water well?

  1. Normative motives: social and personal norms
  2. Lack of knowledge: about how or where to test the surrounding water
  3. Lack of financial motivations: if present, this sometimes leads to people testing their well water (only receive subsidies when cleaning the well)
  4. Physical context: where people live can impact water testing behavior

Government external interference is considered as a potential risk to the drinking water quality of peoples water well. What two factors towards the government contributed to this?

  • Lack of trust: well owners feel threatened by government intervention about the quality of the well water, and feel in control when this is not the case
  • Lack of fairness: well owners felt treated unfairly, as others on public supplies do not pay for water testing directly. They feel they should get financial relief too

How do you define the belief that one can determine one's own internal states and behavior, influence one's environment, and/or bring about desired outcomes?

Perceived control

What is the perception of one's own ability to perform a given behavior?

Perceived behavioral control§

What is the belief in one’s ability to influence events that affect one’s life and control over the way these events are experienced?

Bandura’s construct of self-efficacy

What leads to an underestimation of the risks and, as a result, a reluctance to follow current water testing guidelines and recommendations?

Illusion of control

How are messages to arouse fear by emphasizing the potential danger and harm called?

Fear framing

How are messages that stress out many people called?

Worry appraisal

What is a hypothesized causal chain in which one variable affects a second variable that, in turn, affects a third variable called?

Mediation effect

What is the idea that knowledge will automatically result in action?

Information deficit fallacy

Explain the theoretical framework for well owners

  • Beliefs about water sources: well owners trust on their own ability to judge the water.
  • Beliefs about contamination sources: well owners are aware of anthropogenic contamination, but not about geogenic contamination
  • Beliefs about (social) context: if others don't do it, then I don't do it as well
  • Beliefs about external interference: no interference of the government bitches

What effect may come from may come from learning that such actions are easy, feeling efficacious, feeling satisfied with having taken the initial steps, or developing an identity as someone who engages in such behaviors?

Positive spillover effect

What effect may happen when people feel licensed to not act sustainably because they already did their bit or when they use financial savings realized in ways that are fossil fuel intensive? The latter is known as the “rebound effect”

Negative spilover effect

What factors can affect a wide range of behaviors, making them an important target for promoting consistent sustainable energy behavior?

General motivation factors

What incentives can be useful to motivate and enable people to engage in sustainable energy behavior by lowering the barriers to action?

External incentives

What policies are rather effective to promote sustainable energy behavior because people are strongly motivated to save money?

Pricing policies

How do you call it when one’s behavior is compared to the behavior of others?

Comparative feedback

How do you call having peers demonstrate sustainable behavior, can also be effective in more sustainability?

Behavior modeling

Explain short term incentive vs long term incentive

Saving energy on bill vs being a good ancestor

What is the development of self-control and patience?

Marshmallow effect

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