Summary: Behavior & Environment 1

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• 1 Topic 1 -Human behaviour

• 1.2 Chapter 1: An invitation to Social Psychology

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• What was the Zimbardo experiment?

  A prison experiment, half of the participants were the guards the other half were the prisoners.

• What are proximal factors?

  Proximal factors of behaviour are specific characteristics of a specific situation which leads to a certain behvariour.

• What is the dual-process model and what does it exist of?

  It exists of the two types of processes that our behaviour is driven by.
  

  1. System 1 (automatic): unconscious, fast, associative, non-intentional, effortless
  2. System 2 (reflective): conscious, slow, intentional, control, effort it costs energy 

• What did Kurt Lewin believe?

  Kurt Lewin believed that the behaviour of people is always a function of the field of forces (the situation that guides behaviour)  in which they find themselves.

• What is the field of forces?

  In the case of human behaviour it is the role of the situation in guiding behaviour.

• What was the experiment by Darley and Batson and what did it demonstrate?

  Students were asked about their religion and after either told they were in a hurry or they had plenty of time. After which they passed a man in need on their way to the seminar.
  The situation showed whether they helped the man, whether they were in a hurry or not. Their religion did not really predict whether they would help.

• What are the 3 steps in fundamental attribution error?

  1. Observe the behaviour
     
  2. Characterise the behaviour
  3. Correct the behaviour by using the situation

• What are channel factors?

  They are situational circumstances that appear unimportant on the surface but that can have great consequences on the behaviour by facilitating, blocking, or guiding it in a particular direction.

• What is the basic idea of Gestalt psychology?

  People perceive objects by an active, usually unconscious interpretation of what the object represents as a whole.

• What is our construal of situations and behaviours?

  It refers to our interpretation of them and the conclusions we (often unconscious) make about them.