Personality and personality disorders
13 important questions on Personality and personality disorders
Myers-Briggs type indicator for determining personality Objective personality scales
Assigns people to 1 to 16 diferent types, depending on how the individual scores on tests.
VERY low reliability and very little predictive value.
Objective personality scales
Iam easily embarrassed.
I like to go to parties.
Are scientifically valid and very useful in research.
Psychologists have identified hundreds of traits --> From sensation seeking to erotophobia
Factor analysis to identify the central, most important personality traits
Some questions that are used to objective personality scales are related to the same personality trait, so psychologists looked at which questions correlated with each other and if they represent the same personality trait.
Factor analysis is similar to what is done to intelligence but in this case, we don't get a single latent factor.
We don't get a general personality but we actually get five general personalities.
Personality trait is not
Not a dichotomy --> friendly or not friendly
And not an ordinal scale --> Nerd
But a trait with a continuos distribution --> Some peopel are very extravert, others are more in between extraversion and introversion, and others are very introvert
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Gene environment interplay in life events
Controllable events (getting married or divorced)
Uncontrollable events (serious illness, death of spouse)
Desirable events (major improvement in financial status)
Undesirable events (major deterioration in financial statusO
Heritable components are found for all this life evens (except for uncontrollable events) (can happen to everyone)
The effect for the 3) was related to genes for personality traits.
Genes --> Personality --> Life events
Genes determine our personality traits, and our personality traits gives us certain chances to experience a certain life event.
Changes in herritability of personality across age
The big five don't change much but by what they are influenced does change.
Heritability of personality is not visible at birth
Heritability in childhood is higher than in adulthood --> Decrease in heritability over time.
OVer time we get more experiences that influence personality traits.
(This is not always the case --> for intelligence heritability becomes higher over time or for certain diseases/ physcical characteristics)
Stabolity of the big 5 across age is due to genes.
Thee laws of behavior genetic and what they mean
Variations in wellbeing has heritable component
How can politics and religion be heritable
The specific religion has no genetic heritability --> which speicific religion you will be in is dependent on where you are born and is not determined by genetics.
The same is true for your specifc language --> which language you speak, depends on where you are born.
Heritability is not the same as genetic inheritance.
Personality disorder prevalence
Shizotypal personality disorder
Someone who has great difficulty in establishing and mantaining close relationships. People with this disorder may be unusually supersitious or preoccupied with paranormal phenomena that are outside the norms of their subculture.
heritable 40% genetic overlap with shizophrenia.
Genetic overlap with shizophrenia
Antisocial personality disorder and criminal behavior
The genes that are seen in antisocial personality disorder are also seen in cirminal behavior.
When both biological parent are arrested, the chanches are higher that the adopted child will become a criminal, and they will also likely have ASPD.
But effects are small
It does not mean that everyone that displays criminal behavior always has ASPD.
Adoptive parents with criminal convictions had no effect on the criminal behavior of adoptees unless the adoptees birth parents also had cirminal convictions --> Genotype environment interaction.
Genetic factors shared between internalizing category of psychopathology and
ASPD aggressive-disregarded and disinhibition
A recent multivariate twin study of ASPD symptoms suggests that two factors comprise ASPD→ Aggressive-disregard and disinhibition.
- Scores on the genetic aggressive-disregard factor are more strongly associated with risk for conduct disorder and early and heavy alcohol use; in contrast, scores on the genetic disinhibition factor are more strongly associated with novelty seeking and major depression.
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